Natural Gas Combustion in Marine Engines: An Operational, Environmental, and Economic Assessment

Papagiannakis, Roussos G.; Zannis, Theodoros C.; Pariotis, Efthimios G.; Katsanis, John S.

doi:10.1007/978-981-13-3307-1_7

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Compression-ignition engines need a pilot injection of conventional fossil fuels for the combustion process to start. On the other hand, sparkignition engines can burn biogas/biomethane the way they burn LNG or LPG [64,65]. Note the main disadvantage of biogas in spark-ignition engines is the low performance due to the high proportions of inert gases (CO 2 and N 2 ) [66].…”

Section: Biogas and Biomethane Pollutant Emissions Performance In Dua...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Biogas and Biomethane as Maritime Fuels: A Review of Research, Technology Development, Innovation Proposals, and Market Potentials

Mallouppas¹,

Yfantis

Ioannou³

et al. 2023

Energies

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This review paper examines the applicability of biogas and biomethane as potential maritime fuels and examines issues of these fuels from a supply chain perspective (from production to end use). The objectives are to identify: (1) the latest research, development, and innovation activities; (2) issues and key barriers related to the technology readiness to bring biogas/biomethane to market; and (3) commercialisation issues, including cost parity with natural gas (the main competitor). A survey of the literature was carried out based on research articles and grey literature. The PESTEL and SWOT analyses identified opportunities for these fuels due to the relevant regulations (e.g., Fit for 55; the recent inclusion of the Mediterranean Sea as a SECA and PM control area; MPEC 79), market-based measures, and environmental, social, and governance strategies. The potential of biomass feedstock is estimated to have a substantial value that can satisfy the energy needs of the maritime industry. However, production costs of biomethane are high; estimated to be 2–4 times higher compared to natural gas. The market is moving in the direction of alternative drop-in fuels, including liquefied and compressed biomethane (LBM and CBM) and biogas. In terms of potential market penetration, LBM can be used as a marine drop-in fuel for the existing fleet that already combust LNG and LPG due to similar handling. Currently, these vessels are LNG and LPG tankers. However, in newly built vessels, LBM can be also supplied to container ships, vehicle carriers, and bulk carriers (about 20% of newly built vessels). Provided that compressed natural gas infrastructure exists, CBM can be exploited in vessels with low energy needs and low space requirements and shore-side electrification, because investments in retrofits are lower compared to constructing new infrastructure.

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Section: Biogas and Biomethane Pollutant Emissions Performance In Dua...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Biogas and Biomethane as Maritime Fuels: A Review of Research, Technology Development, Innovation Proposals, and Market Potentials

Mallouppas¹,

Yfantis

Ioannou³

et al. 2023

Energies

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“…The ignition of fossil fuel in marine vessel engines generates air emissions of a number of potentially harmful substances. And, the ocean and sea-routed marine transport system is responsible for 2% of the worldwide CO2 emission [1]. Among the vast variety of ship systems and their applications, fast ferries can be recognized as passenger boats, which are specified by having a minimum 18 knots speed, and can carry at least 12 passengers.…”

Section: Motivation and Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust NN‐based backstepping control of non‐affine ferry ship fuel cell‐based DC MGs under stochastic disturbance inputs

Vafamand

Afsharinejad

Arefi

et al. 2022

IET Renewable Power Gen

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Fossil fuels play a significant role in the automobile industry, as well as marine vessel systems, with a lot of benefits like high-density and low-cost power supply, which is relatively easy to reserve, apply and carry. However, fossil fuel combustion produces several emissions such as CO 2 , which become greenhouse gas emissions and harmful to human health. One of the most favorable emission-free modern technologies is fuel cells, which can be applied to supply power to marine vessel propulsion systems. In such a most electrified ship, the whole of the shipboard grid can be regarded as a direct current (DC) stand-alone microgrid (MG) configuration with linear resistive and nonlinear constant power loads (CPLs). The main challenge in this new configuration of the shipboard MG is stabilizing the system's currents and voltages, subjected to stochastic disturbances arising from the effect of external winds and waves. Hence, the key objective of this research is to introduce a new modified robust adaptive stochastic backstepping controller, which is equipped with an artificial neural network, for stabilizing the current and voltage of the DC MG. The developed approach is robust against uncertainties and disturbances, has a systematic design procedure, and offers a low computational burden compared to the other complicated nonlinear controllers. In the end, a simulation is run for investigating the performance of the proposed controller over the state-of-the-art methods.

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“…Research on marine spark ignited engines running on natural gas or methanol however is scarce, despite the simpler fuel handling and control. Relying on spark-ignition could offer advantages such as better control and lower NOx emissions for smaller high speed engines suited for naval applications [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient performance of alternatively fueled internal combustion engines for naval applications

Vollbrandt, J,

Coraddu, A,

Geertsma, R

2023

Preprint

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While navies worldwide aim to reduce their exhaust gas emissions, fossil fuel dependency and signatures, engines on alternative fuels, such as natural gas and methanol, are limited by a lower dynamic load acceptance than diesel engines. This load acceptance is crucially important for naval vessels, both for high maneuverability and for handling pulsed power loads for rail-guns and directed energy weapons. Previous research into the dynamic response of natural gas engines focused on detailed in-cylinder combustion models to predict knock. These 0D/1D simulation models rely on extensive data to calibrate the combustion model, which is generally unavailable to naval engineers and scientists designing a propulsion or energy system. Additionally, these simulation models require a significant amount of computational power and rarely run in real-time. For the evaluation of the dynamic behaviour of such engines during actual manoeuvres and for their use in control oriented modelling approaches, real-time dynamic models are required for natural gas and methanol engines. This study investigates the dynamic response of a spark ignited gas engine with single point fuel injection using a Mean Value First Principle (MVFP) engine model based on the filling and emptying approach and turbocharger performance maps derived from limited data and measurements. For three relevant military scenarios we demonstrate that a gas engine with single point fuel injection driving a generator can comply with the requirements of NATO STANAG 1008 for Quality Power Supply. Furthermore, during these scenarios, transient performance of the gas engine is limited by the inertia of the air path rather than engine knocking.

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Natural Gas Combustion in Marine Engines: An Operational, Environmental, and Economic Assessment

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Application of Biogas and Biomethane as Maritime Fuels: A Review of Research, Technology Development, Innovation Proposals, and Market Potentials

Application of Biogas and Biomethane as Maritime Fuels: A Review of Research, Technology Development, Innovation Proposals, and Market Potentials

Robust NN‐based backstepping control of non‐affine ferry ship fuel cell‐based DC MGs under stochastic disturbance inputs

Transient performance of alternatively fueled internal combustion engines for naval applications

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