Natural gas-hydrates — A potential energy source for the 21st Century

Makogon, Yuri F.; Holditch, Stephen A.; Makogon, Taras Y.

doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2005.10.009

Cited by 760 publications

(381 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In this solid structure, the gaseous components are surrounded by the water molecules (Makogon, 1997;Sloan and Koh, 2007). In a hydrate, 80% of the volume is occupied by water and 20% by gas (Makogon, 2007). Methane is the main contributing component in natural gas hydrates (NGH), which are a potentially important energy resource for future demand Moridis et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of exploration and production technology of natural gas hydrate

Cui

Lü

et al. 2018

Adv. Geo-Energy Res.

108

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Abstract:Natural gas hydrate is an ice-like substance which is sometimes called "combustible ice" since it can literally be lighted on fire and burned as fuel. Natural gas hydrate is characterized by widespread distribution, large reserves and little pollution. This paper introduced the distributions of hydrate, hydrate reserves and properties of hydrate. The main exploration methods, such as geophysical exploration and geochemical exploration have been presented. In addition, the main production techniques of natural gas hydrate including depressurization, thermal stimulation and chemical injection have been summed up. Finally, the challenges and outlooks of natural gas hydrate production have been proposed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of exploration and production technology of natural gas hydrate

Cui

Lü

et al. 2018

Adv. Geo-Energy Res.

108

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“…NGHs are generally found in submarine sediments along the continental margin and in permafrost regions (Boswell, 2009). One cubic metre of methane hydrate (MH) contains 0.8 m 3 of water and 164 m 3 of methane gas at standard temperature and pressure (273.15 K and 1 atm) (Boswell and Collett, 2011;Makogon et al, 2007). NGHs have drawn enormous attention throughout the world as an alternative energy resource on account of the high energy capacity, the wide distribution, and the vast reserves (Collett et al, 2015;Vedachalam et al, 2015;Chong et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical simulations for analyzing deformation characteristics of hydrate-bearing sediments during depressurization

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2017

Adv. Geo-Energ. Res.

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Natural gas hydrates have been treated as a potential energy resource for decades. Understanding geomechanical properties of hydrate-bearing porous media is an essential to protect the safety of individuals and devices during hydrate production. In this work, a numerical simulator named GrapeFloater is developed to study the deformation behavior of hydrate-bearing porous media during depressurization, and the numerical simulator couples multiple processes such as conductive-convective heat transfer, two-phase fluid flow, intrinsic kinetics of hydrate dissociation, and deformation of solid skeleton. Then, a depressurization experiment is carried out to validate the numerical simulator. A parameter sensitivity analysis is performed to discuss the deformation behavior of hydrate-bearing porous media as well as its effect on production responses. Conclusions are drawn as follows: the numerical simulator named GrapeFloater predicts the experimental results well; the modulus of hydrate-bearing porous media has an obvious effect on production responses; final deformation increases with decreasing outlet pressure; both the depressurization and the modulus decrease during hydrate dissociation contribute to the deformation of hydrate-bearing porous media.

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“…Gas hydrate molecule, contains low molecular hydrocarbon gases such as methane (CH 4 ), and higher molecular hydrocarbon chains like ethane (C 2 H 6 ), propane (C 3 H 8 ) and butane (C 4 H 10 ) in small concentration, is trapped in the cage of water molecules (Hardage and Roberts 2006). Gas hydrates have taken large attraction because of their wide distribution in permafrost and their large potential as unconventional energy resource for future Paull et al 1991;Taylor and Kwan 2004;Makogon et al 2007). Bottom simulating reflector (BSR) represents to the presence of gas hydrates (Ehsan et al 2015) and b location map of Makran area of Pakistan (BSR) on seismic section is interpreted as seismic detector for the presence of gas hydrates bearing formation (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An application of AVO derived attributes to analyze seismic anomalies of gas hydrate bearing sediments in Makran offshore, Pakistan

et al. 2015

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The presence of gas hydrates in Makran area of Pakistan is confirmed by seismic evidences in the form of a strong reflector known as bottom simulating reflector (BSR). Amplitude versus offset (AVO) analysis is performed to analyze seismic behavior of free gas zone beneath BSR. This analysis is carried by considering a free gas zone beneath a gas hydrate-bearing zone and overlying a fully water saturated interval. Different pairs of AVO-derived attributes are applied to differentiate free gas and gas hydrates saturated sediments. Based on our analysis, it is concluded that low and high saturation of gas hydrates can be deduced from seismic amplitude anomalies. Low and high saturation of gas hydrates can be distinguish able from background trend. The fluid factor, pore space modulus and Poisson reflectivity are found more sensitive attributes for discrimination of gas hydrates saturation.

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Natural gas-hydrates — A potential energy source for the 21st Century

Cited by 760 publications

References 2 publications

Review of exploration and production technology of natural gas hydrate

Review of exploration and production technology of natural gas hydrate

Numerical simulations for analyzing deformation characteristics of hydrate-bearing sediments during depressurization

An application of AVO derived attributes to analyze seismic anomalies of gas hydrate bearing sediments in Makran offshore, Pakistan

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