Natural History of Tuberculosis: Duration and Fatality of Untreated Pulmonary Tuberculosis in HIV Negative Patients: A Systematic Review

Tiemersma, Edine; Werf, Marieke J. van der; Borgdorff, Martien W.; Williams, Brian G.; Nagelkerke, Nico

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017601

Cited by 445 publications

(323 citation statements)

References 73 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

295

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Although the mortality rate is surprisingly high, it is consistent with previous studies in sub-Saharan Africa, 6 long-term projections from our parent prospective study at this site, 1 and a recent meta-analysis on the natural history of TB. 8 We suspect the high mortality observed was related to the combination of drug resistance in this heavily treated cohort, 1,5 and the effect of HIV infection-as antiretroviral therapy (ART) was not widely available in Uganda at the time. Importantly, almost half of the deaths occurred in the first 2 years after starting retreatment and survival within this period was similar by HIV status, suggesting that early mortality was mainly associated with TB whereas HIV infection was responsible for longer term mortality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

High Mortality Associated with Retreatment of Tuberculosis in a Clinic in Kampala, Uganda: A Retrospective Study

Acuña-Villaorduña¹,

Ayakaka²,

Dryden‐Peterson³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. The World Health Organization recommends for tuberculosis retreatment a regimen of isoniazid (H), rifampicin (R), ethambutol (E), pyrazinamide (Z), and streptomycin (S) for 2 months, followed by H, R, E, and Z for 1 month and H, R, and E for 5 months. Using data from the National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Program registry, this study determined the long-term outcome under programmatic conditions of patients who were prescribed the retreatment regimen in Kampala, Uganda, between 1997 and 2003. Patients were traced to determine their vital status; 62% (234/377) patients were found dead. Having 2 treatment courses and not completing retreatment were associated with mortality in adjusted analyses.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

High Mortality Associated with Retreatment of Tuberculosis in a Clinic in Kampala, Uganda: A Retrospective Study

Acuña-Villaorduña¹,

Ayakaka²,

Dryden‐Peterson³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Natural history of disease studies showed that around 70% of sputum smear positive HIV-negative pulmonary TB cases died within 10 years , and 20% of culture positive (but smear negative) cases died within 10 years [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment Outcomes of Tuberculosis Patients at Bale Robe Hospital Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia: A Five Year Retrospective Study

Tachbele¹,

Taye²,

Tulu³

et al. 2017

J Nurs Care

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: Monitoring of tuberculosis treatment outcome is scarcely done in Ethiopia. This study investigated the outcomes of tuberculosis treatment at Bale Robe Hospital in Oromia, Ethiopia. Methods:A retrospective analysis of the profile and treatment outcome of all tuberculosis patients registered from September, 2007 to August, 2012 at tuberculosis Clinic was conducted. Patients' socio-demographic, clinical, laboratory and treatment outcomes were were extracted from registration document. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to determine treatment outcomes predictor variables. Results:We analyzed treatment outcomes of 916 tuberculosis patients, of which 544 (59.6 %) were males. Of these 180 (19.7%) were cured, 536 (58.5%) were found completed their treatment, while 82 (9%) were died, in addition, 55 (6.0%) and 54 (5.9%) were defaulters and transferred out respectively. Overall, 716 (78.2%) had a successful and 200 (21.8%) a poor treatment outcome. Being female (AOR 1.23, P=0.05), HIV positive (0.48, P<0.001) and new TB patients (AOR 2.17, P=0.002) were significantly associated with treatment outcome. Patients aged ≤ 14 had significantly high treatment success rate (AOR 4.99, P=0.003) followed by 35-44 years (AOR 3.5, P=0.009) and 25-34 years (AOR 2.52, P=0.029). Tuberculosis patients with HIV co-infection (AOR 4.32, P=<0.001), smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis (AOR 2.00, P=0.05) and age ≥ 65 years (AOR 5.50, P=0.03) were more likely to experience death than their counter parts. Conclusion:The treatment success rate of 78.2% tuberculosis patients was fairly good. However, a high proportion of patients (9%) death and 22.2% of HIV prevalence among TB patients is a serious public health concern that needs to be addressed urgently in the area.

show abstract

“…However, concomitant diseases, acquired immunodeficiencies (5), or treatments with immunosuppressive drugs may facilitate M. tuberculosis reactivation (6) causing postprimary TB, a severe disease that has a chronic and often fatal course in the absence of adequate treatment (7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Fails To Block Phagosome Maturation and Shows Unexpected Capacity To Stimulate Specific Human T Lymphocytes

Mariotti

Pardini

Gagliardi

et al. 2013

The Journal of Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dormancy is defined as a stable but reversible nonreplicating state of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is currently thought that dormant M. tuberculosis (D-Mtb) is responsible for latent tuberculosis (TB) infection. Recently, D-Mtb was also shown in sputa of patients with active TB, but the capacity of D-Mtb to stimulate specific immune responses was not investigated. We observed that purified protein derivative–specific human CD4+ T lymphocytes recognize mycobacterial Ags more efficiently when macrophages are infected with D-Mtb instead of replicating M. tuberculosis (R-Mtb). The different Ag recognition occurs even when the two forms of mycobacteria equally infect and stimulate macrophages, which secrete the same cytokine pattern and express MHC class I and II molecules at the same levels. However, D-Mtb but not R-Mtb colocalizes with mature phagolysosome marker LAMP-1 and with vacuolar proton ATPase in macrophages. D-Mtb, unlike R-Mtb, is unable to interfere with phagosome pH and does not inhibit the proteolytic efficiency of macrophages. We show that D-Mtb downmodulates the gene Rv3875 encoding for ESAT-6, which is required by R-Mtb to block phagosome maturation together with Rv3310 gene product SapM, previously shown to be downregulated in D-Mtb. Thus, our results indicate that D-Mtb cannot escape MHC class II Ag-processing pathway because it lacks the expression of genes required to block the phagosome maturation. Data suggest that switching to dormancy not only represents a mechanism of survival in latent TB infection, but also a M. tuberculosis strategy to modulate the immune response in different stages of TB.

show abstract

Natural History of Tuberculosis: Duration and Fatality of Untreated Pulmonary Tuberculosis in HIV Negative Patients: A Systematic Review

Cited by 445 publications

References 73 publications

High Mortality Associated with Retreatment of Tuberculosis in a Clinic in Kampala, Uganda: A Retrospective Study

High Mortality Associated with Retreatment of Tuberculosis in a Clinic in Kampala, Uganda: A Retrospective Study

Treatment Outcomes of Tuberculosis Patients at Bale Robe Hospital Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia: A Five Year Retrospective Study

Dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Fails To Block Phagosome Maturation and Shows Unexpected Capacity To Stimulate Specific Human T Lymphocytes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About