2022
DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149470
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Natural killer cell‐mediated ADCC in SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected individuals and vaccine recipients

Abstract: COVID‐19, caused by SARS‐CoV‐2, has emerged as a global pandemic. While immune responses of the adaptive immune system have been in the focus of research, the role of NK cells in COVID‐19 remains less well understood. Here, we characterized NK cell‐mediated SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against SARS‐CoV‐2 spike‐1 (S1) and nucleocapsid (NC) protein. Serum samples from SARS‐CoV‐2 resolvers induced significant CD107a‐expression by NK cells in response to S1 and NC, while serum samples… Show more

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Cited by 51 publications
(48 citation statements)
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“…Amongst these, NK cell mediated ADCC is the most potent and consistent. While VOC might escape neutralization by mutational changes in the receptor binding domains, NK cell mediated ADCC effector functions is more resilient and remain preserved across the variants [14][15][16][17] for longer periods 18 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Amongst these, NK cell mediated ADCC is the most potent and consistent. While VOC might escape neutralization by mutational changes in the receptor binding domains, NK cell mediated ADCC effector functions is more resilient and remain preserved across the variants [14][15][16][17] for longer periods 18 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Once cells are infected, interferons also limit the assembly, replication, and shedding of infectious progeny McNab et al (2015) and Iyer et al (2017) . Specifically, interferons signal neighboring epithelial cells to increase the numbers of class I major histocompatibility complex proteins (or MHC class I) on their surface, enabling immune cells (macrophages, killer cells) to identify and eliminate the infected cell via phagocytosis or other cytotoxic factors Hagemann et al (2022) . In our model interferons are released at a prescribed rate by infected cells in the shedding phase; since we do not model macrophages explicitly, this rate includes the potential source of interferons from macrophages.…”
Section: The Modelmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) pandemic, which has dramatically impacted our globalized society, with more than 500 million reported infections and more than6million deaths worldwide as of April 2022 (1). SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to elicit a strong immune activation mirrored by the so-called "cytokine storm" and the complex interaction between the virus and immune system contributes shaping the heterogenous landscape of COVID-19-related pathology, including lung, liver, skin and spleen or other lymphoid organ damage, among others, and of clinical manifestations (2,3).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…B cells and antibody-mediated immunity have also been shown to play a prominent role against SARS-CoV-2, since a rapid appearance of virus-specific antibodies is observed in most individuals, and a high titre of neutralizing antibodies to the spike protein and its receptor binding domain (RBD) have been found to confer protection both in humans and animal models ( 9 ). Moreover, other antiviral activities of antibodies, including fraction constant (Fc)-effector related-functions, such as antigen-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), are thought to play a role ( 3 ). In parallel, a compromised humoral development with attenuated IgG responses has been found to be associated with worse outcomes in acute patients with moderate-to-severe disease ( 5 ).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%