Natural Killer Cells in the Orchestration of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

Parisi, Luca; Bassani, Barbara; Tremolati, Marco; Gini, Elisabetta; Farronato, Giampietro; Bruno, Antonino

doi:10.1155/2017/4218254

Cited by 41 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…However, a previous non-randomised trial suggested that mindfulness training increases NK cell activity among women recently diagnosed with breast cancer 30 , and lower levels of NK activity were detected among healthy individuals who were more distressed than their peers 8,56 . www.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreports/ NK cells play a major role in the rejection of both tumour and virally infected cells; higher levels may indicate a stronger defence against these threats but the functional implications for chronic tissue inflammation are still unclear 57,58 . In any case, despite the methodological strengths of our randomised design (mainly the minimization of confounding effects), a larger trial will be required to clarify the effect of mindfulness training on the proportion of NK cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune dysregulation among students exposed to exam stress and its mitigation by mindfulness training: findings from an exploratory randomised trial

Turner

Galante

Vainre

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Psychological distress persisting for weeks or more promotes pro-inflammatory immune dysregulation, a risk factor for a range of chronic diseases. We have recently shown that mindfulness training reduces distress among university students. Here we present an exploratory trial to study immune dysregulation in a cohort of students who were exposed to progressively greater stress as the exam period approached, and to explore whether mindfulness training mitigated this dysregulation. Healthy University of Cambridge students were randomised to join an 8-week mindfulness course (N = 27), or to mental health support as usual (N = 27). Psychological distress, immune cell proportions, cytokines, cRp and serum cortisol were measured at baseline and during the exam period. increased distress was associated with statistically significant increases in the proportion of B cells, regardless of trial arm (*p = 0.027). There were no other associations between any of the measured parameters, distress or mindfulness. Our finding that the proportion of B cells increases with psychological distress supports the findings of other studies. However, we found no evidence that mindfulness training is able to buffer the effects of psychological distress on healthy participants' immune system. In order to detect these effects, should they exist, larger randomised trials will be required. The human mind, brain and immune systems have much in common. They are complex, self-organising economies that recognise self from non-self, interact with the environment and possess ability to store information. The immune system alone is a highly distributed network of effectors, regulators and signals, which depend on dynamic balances to determine the best configuration for each environmental challenge. Prolonged systemic inflammation leads to increased risk of chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, dementia and depression 1 , the most important global causes of morbidity and mortality. Thus, interventions that restore or maintain normal immune function in healthy and at risk populations are useful in preventing a range of mental and physical disorders 2,3. Even small improvements at a population level could lead to large reductions in morbidity and mortality 4. The immune, endocrine and nervous systems are known to interact with one another to provide a coordinated response to external stimuli, whether it be a physical insult such as wounding or an emotional stressor such as perceived stress (reviewed in Glaser et al.) 5. Acute stress promotes a pro-inflammatory state along with the "fight

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune dysregulation among students exposed to exam stress and its mitigation by mindfulness training: findings from an exploratory randomised trial

Turner

Galante

Vainre

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…11 Of note, NK cells, particularly CD56 bright NK cells, accumulate within atherosclerotic lesions 12 and people with unstable coronary artery disease have fewer CD56 dim NK cells. 13 CD56 bright NK cells may contribute to atherosclerosis through IFN-c production, which can promote matrix metalloproteinase secretion and smooth muscle breakdown. 13 As people with HIV have increased risk of cardiovascular disease, 14 understanding the evolution of NK cell populations during HIV-1 infection is particularly relevant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 CD56 bright NK cells may contribute to atherosclerosis through IFN-c production, which can promote matrix metalloproteinase secretion and smooth muscle breakdown. 13 As people with HIV have increased risk of cardiovascular disease, 14 understanding the evolution of NK cell populations during HIV-1 infection is particularly relevant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation Determines Rectal Natural Killer Cell Populations

Utay

Vigil

Somasunderam

et al. 2020

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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Despite antiretroviral therapy (ART), innate and adaptive immunologic damage persists in the periphery and gut. T memory stem cells (Tscm) and natural killer (NK) cells are pivotal for host defense. Tscm are memory cells capable of antigen response and self-renewal, and circulating and gut NK cell populations may facilitate HIV control. The impact of early ART on circulating and gut Tscm and NK cells is unknown. We enrolled participants who initiated ART during acute versus chronic HIV-1 infection versus no ART in chronic infection. We performed flow cytometry to identify NK and Tscm cells in the blood and rectum and polymerase chain reaction to quantify the HIV-1 reservoir in both sites. We used the Mann-Whitney U-test and Spearman correlation coefficients for analysis. Participants who started ART in acute infection had lower rectal CD56 bright CD16 dim cell frequencies than participants who started ART in chronic HIV-1 infection and lower CD56 bright and CD56 bright CD16cell frequencies than participants with chronic infection without ART. Higher circulating NK cell, CD56-CD16 bright , CD56 dim , and CD56 dim CD16 bright frequencies correlated with higher HIV-1 DNA levels in rectal CD4 + T cells, whereas higher circulating CD4 + T cell counts correlated with higher rectal NK, CD56 bright CD16 dim , and CD56 dim CD16 bright frequencies. Peripheral CD56 bright CD16cells were inversely associated with rectal CD56-CD16 bright cells. Rectal CD8 + Tscm frequencies were higher in participants without ART than participants with chronic infection on ART. Timing of ART initiation determines rectal NK cell populations, and ART may influence rectal Tscm populations. Whether the gut reservoir contributes to NK cell activation requires further study.

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“…Predominant population of NK cells is CD56 dim CD16 + and exhibits moderate expression of CD56. Approximately 5% of all NK cells show CD56 bright CD16 − phenotype and exhibit high expression of CD56 [77].…”

Section: Natural Killer Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory Properties of Dental-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Andrukhov¹,

Behm²,

Blufstein³

et al. 2019

Periodontology and Dental Implantology

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Mesenchymal stem cells are considered as an attractive tool for tissue regeneration. Almost all dental tissues contain a population of MSC-like cells, which were extensively studied within the last few years. Besides their ability to differentiate into different cell types, dental MSCs also possess strong immunomodulatory properties. Dental MSCs modulate both innate and adaptive immune response and influence the activity of almost all components of the immune system. The interaction between dental MSCs and the immune system is reciprocal because immunomodulatory activity of MSCs is strongly regulated by cytokines produced by immune cells. MSCs isolated from inflamed tissues might exhibit impaired immunomodulatory capacity, suggesting a potential role of these cells in inflammatory diseases and particularly periodontitis. Recent studies suggest that immunomodulatory properties of MSCs can also play an important role in their tissue regenerative capacity. The therapeutic effects of MSCs, including their immunomodulatory capacity, are largely explained by their tropic activity, including production of immunomodulatory proteins and growth factors. Summarizing, dental MSCs play an important role in tissue homeostasis under healthy and diseased conditions.

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Natural Killer Cells in the Orchestration of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

Cited by 41 publications

References 106 publications

Immune dysregulation among students exposed to exam stress and its mitigation by mindfulness training: findings from an exploratory randomised trial

Immune dysregulation among students exposed to exam stress and its mitigation by mindfulness training: findings from an exploratory randomised trial

Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation Determines Rectal Natural Killer Cell Populations

Immunomodulatory Properties of Dental-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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