Immunomodulatory Properties of Dental-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells are considered as an attractive tool for tissue regeneration. Almost all dental tissues contain a population of MSC-like cells, which were extensively studied within the last few years. Besides their ability to differentiate into different cell types, dental MSCs also possess strong immunomodulatory properties. Dental MSCs modulate both innate and adaptive immune response and influence the activity of almost all components of the immune system. The interaction between dental MSCs and the immune system is reciprocal because immunomodulatory activity of MSCs is strongly regulated by cytokines produced by immune cells. MSCs isolated from inflamed tissues might exhibit impaired immunomodulatory capacity, suggesting a potential role of these cells in inflammatory diseases and particularly periodontitis. Recent studies suggest that immunomodulatory properties of MSCs can also play an important role in their tissue regenerative capacity. The therapeutic effects of MSCs, including their immunomodulatory capacity, are largely explained by their tropic activity, including production of immunomodulatory proteins and growth factors. Summarizing, dental MSCs play an important role in tissue homeostasis under healthy and diseased conditions.

Methanandamide diminish the Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide induced response in human periodontal ligament cells

“…In the present study, we investigated for the first time the effect of Meth-AEA on proliferation viability and inflammatory response in primary hPdLCs in order to further clarify a potential role of the EC system in periodontitis. hPDLCs play an important role in the maintenance of periodontal tissue homeostasis and possess the immunomodulatory properties [32,33]. The inflammatory response was assessed by measuring the production of IL-6,-IL-8, and MCP-1, which are involved in the progression of periodontal disease [34][35][36].…”

Synergistic effects triggered by simultaneous Toll‐like receptor‐2 and ‐3 activation in human periodontal ligament stem cells

“…The parameters measured in our study usually promote inflammatory response through recruitment and activation of different immune cells. However, hPDLSCs possess strong immunosuppressive activity, which is mediated by the number of soluble factors as well as by direct cell‐to‐cell contact . TLRs are thought to play an important role in the immunomodulatory ability of different MSC‐like cells, but their exact role in the interaction of hPDLSCs is still to be clarified .…”

“…TLRs are thought to play an important role in the immunomodulatory ability of different MSC‐like cells, but their exact role in the interaction of hPDLSCs is still to be clarified . Previous studies show that different TLR‐ligands activate several immunosuppressive proteins such as indoleamine‐2,3 dioxygenase, prostaglandin E2, protein death ligand 1 . However, the contribution of proinflammatory and anti‐inflammatory activity of hPDLSCs into progression of periodontitis is still to be investigated.…”

Role of secretome mesenchymal stem cells as immunomodulator in periodontal diseases

“…Inflammations are marked by the presence of chemotaxis from MSCs to the inflammatory site so that the role of MSCs as immunomodulators is able function properly. 20 The essential substance that takes part in MSCs mediated immunosuppression is indoleamine-2,3dioxygenase (IDO). Tryptophans are catabolized by the intracellular enzyme into kynurenine.…”