Natural products: An emerging tool in parkinson’s disease therapeutics

Abstract

Parkinson's disease is a age associated chronic neurodegenerative disorder of central nervous system characterized by selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in substaintia nigra pars compacta which causes functional impairment of midbrain. Although the cause of PD is still not known, but there are several factors such asoxidative stress, genetic mutations, mitochondrial dysfunction, aggregationprotein specifically αsynuclein and neuroinflammation play apivotal role in pathogenesis of PD. The current treatment primarily includes dopaminergic and non-dopaminegic medications which only provides symptomatic relief and when drug therapy is fails to provide relief, the next step is surgical treatments. Unfortunately the current regimens have certain limitations with multiple side effectsand possess economic burden thus, there is a need to discovered new therapeutic approaches which have antiparkinsonial potential and minimum adverse effects. For many years, some phytoconstituents from natural products have provided an competent resource for the revelation of potential therapeutic agents. The anti-PD potential of these phytoconstituents is because of their well apperceived anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory activities, their repressive role on agreegation of protein and the regulatory effects of PD cognate pathways. The intention of this review article is to cover the potential of phytoconstituents against the neurodegeneration intangle in PD and to encourage the improvement in future novel treatment strategies predicated on natural sources.

Effect of Diacetylcurcumin Manganese Complex on Rotenone-Induced Oxidative Stress, Mitochondria Dysfunction, and Inflammation in the SH-SY5Y Parkinson’s Disease Cell Model

“…Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (%) = (A0 − A1)/A0 × 100 (2) where A 0 is the absorbance of the control and A 1 is the absorbance of the sample or the standard.…”

“…The pathological hallmark of PD is the presence of Lewy bodies (LBs) containing α-synuclein aggregates that induce oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, which, in turn, cause dopaminergic neuronal degeneration [ 1 ], resulting in motor symptoms such as resting tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia with postural instability. Idiopathic PD shows multifactorial pathogenesis, with aging, genetic factors, and environmental factors all contributing via mechanisms including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, protein aggregation, and proteolysis defects [ 2 ].…”

“…Idiopathic PD shows multifactorial pathogenesis, with aging, genetic factors, and environmental factors all contributing via mechanisms including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, protein aggregation, and proteolysis defects [2].…”

Recent advances in nanotherapeutics for epilepsy and neurodegenerative diseases

“…The expression of alpha-synuclein, a protein associated with the disease, is significantly increased throughout the brain in PD and is considered a significant biomarker. 25,26 To address the management of PD, researchers have developed a novel biodegradable nanoparticle composed of Polyethylene Glycolpolylactide-Polyglycolide (PEG-PLGA) loaded with lactoferrin. This nanoparticle formulation aims to facilitate the accumulation of lactoferrin in the brain and improve central nervous system drug delivery in PD models.…”

Novel therapeutic delivery for neurodegenerative diseases: Strategies to overcome CNS barriers

“…9 PD is a movement disorder that includes symptoms such as tremors, bradykinesia, and akinesia. 10 Currently, there is no proper management options for PD, and available strategies provides symptomatic relief rather than slowing disease progression. Treatment options for PD include levodopa, dopamine agonists, COMT-inhibitors, anticholinergics, MAO inhibitors, and amantadine.…”