Natural products for the prevention and treatment of cholestasis: A review

Abstract

Cholestasis is a common manifestation of decreased bile flow in various liver diseases. It results in fibrosis and even cirrhosis without proper treatment. It is believed that a wide range of factors, including transporter dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammatory damage, and immune disruption, can cause cholestasis. In recent years, natural products have drawn much attention for specific multiple-target activities in diseases. Many attempts have been made to investigate the anticholestatic effects of natural products with advanced technology. This review summarizes recent studies on the biological activities and mechanisms of recognized compounds for cholestasis treatment. Natural products, including various flavonoids, phenols, acids, quinones, saponins, alkaloids, glycosides, and so on, function as comprehensive regulators via ameliorating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, restoring bile acid balance with hepatic transporters, and adjusting immune disruption. Moreover, in this progress, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, reactive oxygen species production, heme oxygenase-1, NF-κB, cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, and farnesoid X receptors are thought as main targets for the activity of natural products. Therefore, this review presents the detailed mechanisms that include multiple targets and diverse signalling pathways. Natural products are the valuable when seeking novel therapeutic agents to treat cholestatic liver diseases.

Preclinical evidence of Yinchenhao decoction on cholestasis: A systematic review and meta‐analysisof animal studies

“…However, traditional Chinese medicine has been widely used in alleviating liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Yinchenhao decoction has a significant effect in the treatment of cholestatic hepatitis related to its repair of liver damage, reversing steatosis and fibrosis and exerting; anti‐inflammatory and antiviral effects and so forth (Lee, 2009; Ma et al, 2020).…”

A Comprehensive Review of Natural Products against Liver Fibrosis: Flavonoids, Quinones, Lignans, Phenols, and Acids

“…Some natural products have exhibited therapeutic effects on liver diseases for thousands of years. In particular, several kinds of representative natural products, such as flavonoids, quinones, lignans, phenols, and acids, demonstrate potent function in liver protection, cholestasis prevention, NASH inhibition, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) suppression [ 9 , 10 ]. In addition, natural products that have promising efficacy in preventing fibrosis have been under rapid development [ 11 – 13 ].…”

Dendropanax morbifera Leaf Extracts Improved Alcohol Liver Injury in Association with Changes in the Gut Microbiota of Rats

“…Plant-derived flavonoids and phenolic acids have strong antioxidant properties and are known to prevent inflammatory diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and various degenerative diseases associated with oxidative stress [ 13 , 43 ]. Previous studies have found that rutin and chlorogenic acid are the main components of D. morbifera leaves, which is consistent with the findings of this study [ 19 ].…”