Natural Radionuclide (Gamma and Alpha Emitters) in Grain Samples Collected from Kerbala Governorate, Iraq

Abstract

The aim of this research is to detect nature radioactivity for gamma emitters (specific activity 238U, 232Th, and 40K) using NaI(Tl) detectors and alpha emitters (concentrations of 222Rn, 226Ra, and 238U) using CR-39 detectors in selected samples of grain that are collected from Kerbala governorate. Also, annual effective dose and some radiological parameters due to gamma and alpha emitters to assess the health risk were calculated. Results have been shown that the average value of specific activities for 238U, 232Th and 40K were 6.61±0.91 Bq/kg, 3.07±0.22 Bq/kg and 227.59±32.34 Bq/kg respectively, while the average value of alpha emitters concentrations for 222Rn, 226Ra, and 238U were 3.99±1.13 Bq/m3, 4.69±1.28 mBq/kg and 0.072±0.019 Bq/kg respectively. The results of average total of annual effective dose associated with the exposure due to gamma and alpha emitted from ingestion grain samples in the present study were 0.139±0.013 mSv/y and 0.172±0.047 µSv/y, respectively. The results of natural Radionuclide and radiological parameter hazard based on gamma and alpha emitters from grain samples were discovered to be within the world acceptable levels. Finally, natural radioactivity from the grain samples that collected from Kerbala governorate were safety for the human consumption.

Estimation of Natural Radioactivity in Soil of Primary Schools at Old City in Najaf

“…Because 40 K is the most ubiquitous radioactive isotope under concentration, its activity concentration was found to be greater than 238 U and 232 Th in all analyzed samples. Table (3) shows the results of the radium equivalent activity. Raeq values varied from 43.095 to 100.587 Bq/kg, with an average value of 76.35 ±4.97Bq/kg, which is below the permissible limit of 370 [28].…”

“…As a result, the maximum value in this investigation is within the acceptable limits. Equations ( 4), ( 5), (6), and (7) in Table (3) were used to compute the values of the Hazard index (external and internal index), representative level index, and alpha index for the samples collected. In all the studied samples, the average values of Hex, Hin, Iγr, and Iα were (0.206 ±0.01, 0.252 ±0.01, 0.569 ±0.03, and 0.086 ±0.008), respectively.…”

“…Food, drink, and other things that come into contact with a mouth can cause ingestion. Natural radionuclides can be found in soil in abundance [3]. It is necessary to examine the radiation levels and the distribution of the radionuclides in the environment to give essential information about radiation.…”

Fatigue and Tensile Characteristics for Composite Materials Used in Prosthetic Socket

“…In a study by Majdi Ahmed et al, the mechanical properties of Teflon and polyvinyl chloride materials used for prosthetic sockets for lower limbs were compared to those of standard (PP) materials [26]. Hawraa Ahmed Hamzah suggested using date palm nuts powder as a reinforcing material in lower prostheses socket production, in addition to lamination resin [27]. Researchers led by A.S. Harmaen created composite materials by mixing kenaf core with polypropylene and silica aerogel.…”