Natural Rubber Composites Filled with Crop Residues as an Alternative to Vulcanizates with Common Fillers

Masłowski, Marcin; Strzelec, Krzysztof

doi:10.3390/polym11060972

Cited by 71 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The fillers in the rubber matrix function as reinforcement agents; reinforcements are caused by generating interaction between the rubber and the filler. Since these interaction led to the immobilization of the rubber chain, it can be difficult to extract the rubber even with a good solvent [ 36 , 37 ]. Therefore, the rubber–filler interaction must be quantitatively calculated using the Kraus equation, which refers to the effect exerted by the swelling of the rubber via the fillers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between the Crosslink Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Compound via Accelerators and Reinforcement

2020

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The extreme elasticity and reversible deformability of rubber, which is one of the most versatile polymers in modern society, is dependent on several factors, including the processing conditions, curing system, and types of additives used. Since the rubber’s mechanical properties are influenced by the existing structural crosslinks, their correlation with the crosslink characteristics of rubber was investigated using the equilibrium swelling theory of the Flory–Rehner equation and the rubber–filler interaction theory of the Kraus equation. Herein, we examined whether the accelerator and reinforcement agent quantitatively contributed to chemical cross-linkages and rubber–filler interaction. In conclusion, the accelerator content supported the chemically crosslinked structures of the monosulfides and the disulfides in natural rubber (NR). Additionally, these results demonstrated that the mechanical properties and the thermal resistance of NR were dependent on the crosslink characteristics. The findings of this study provide an insight into the development and application of NR products for the mechanical optimization of rubber-based products.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between the Crosslink Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Compound via Accelerators and Reinforcement

2020

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“…To estimate the resistance of the vulcanizates to aging, their mechanical properties and crosslink densities were investigated. The aging coefficient ( AF ) was calculated according to Equation (3) [ 35 , 36 ], where TS is the tensile strength of the vulcanizates and EB is the elongation at break:

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of SILPs on the Vulcanization and Properties of Ethylene–Propylene–Diene Elastomer

Sowińska

Maciejewska

Guo³

et al. 2020

Polymers

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Ionic liquids (ILs) are increasingly used in elastomer technology due to unique physico-chemical properties, which are stable at the temperature of preparation and during processing of rubber compounds. The latest IL application concept is supported ionic liquid-phase (SILP) materials, where an IL film is immobilized on the solid phase. The main aim of this work was studying the influence of IL immobilized on the surface of solid supports, such as silica and carbon black, on the vulcanization process, mechanical properties, and thermal behavior of ethylene–propylene–diene (EPDM) elastomer. Application of the SILP materials enabled the control of EPDM vulcanization without deterioration of the crosslink density, damping properties, thermal stability, and resistance of the vulcanizates to thermo-oxidative aging. Slight improvements in the tensile strength and hardness of the vulcanizates were observed.

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“…Differences in the mechanical properties of materials in a mixture can complement each other to form a mixture that is better than the original material. Polymer matrix composites in the last decade have been widely used for various engineering goods applications in order to improve the mechanical properties of the products produced [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Composites with Synthetic Rubber Using Used Cooking Oil as a Softener

Nasruddin¹,

Susanto²

2020

Indones. J. Chem.

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This research aims to study the mechanical properties of natural rubber composites with nitrile butadiene rubber and ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber. Composite fillers consisted of kaolin, and softener using used cooking oil. The study was carried out by the method of mastication, vulcanization, and maturation of the compound into rubber vulcanizates. The vulcanization and mastication process is carried out in the open mill. The maturation of the compound into rubber vulcanizates from the results of mastication and vulcanization was carried out using semi-automatic heat press and press at a temperature of 130 °C ± 2 °C for 17 min. Based on data from testing the mechanical properties of five samples from five formulas, the mechanical properties of composite rubber are affected by the ratio of natural rubber, synthetic rubber, kaolin, and used cooking oil as a softener. The difference in the results of vulcanizates rubber testing of natural rubber composites with synthetic rubber is not only influenced by the ratio of the composite, but also by the degree of cross-linking between the material molecules.

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Natural Rubber Composites Filled with Crop Residues as an Alternative to Vulcanizates with Common Fillers

Cited by 71 publications

References 35 publications

Correlation between the Crosslink Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Compound via Accelerators and Reinforcement

Correlation between the Crosslink Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Compound via Accelerators and Reinforcement

Effect of SILPs on the Vulcanization and Properties of Ethylene–Propylene–Diene Elastomer

Study of the Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Composites with Synthetic Rubber Using Used Cooking Oil as a Softener

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