Natural UV Radiation in Enhancing Survival Value and Quality of Plants

Abstract

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Chlorophyll fluorescence and its relationship with physiological stress in Chenopodium quinoa Willd.

“…UV-A radiation (330 and 400 nm) has been found that it is poorly absorbed by O3, implying a high biological risk. Finally, UV-B radiation (280 and 320 nm) cause alterations in biomolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, thus generating effects in tissues that are manifested as morphophysiological modifications in plants (Mandi, 2017). When the UV-B radiation penetrates in the interior of the leaf and is absorbed by the chromophore there is a damage in the FSII, due to it generates alterations in the Mn4Ca cluster through an elongation in atomic distances due to the reduction of Mn, causing the destruction of the metalloprotein group present in the photosystem and production of ROS (Yano and Yachandra, 2014).…”

Effects of Ultraviolet-B Radiation in Plant Physiology

“…Solar radiation is a part of the electromagnetic field and is considered an essential condition for life on Earth. The electromagnetic spectrum includes different types of waves; gamma radiation (<0.1 nm), X-rays (0.1 -100 nm), ultraviolet radiation (100 -390 nm), visible waves (390 -780 nm), infrared radiation (780 nm -1 mm), microwaves (1 mm -1 cm) and radio waves (1 cm -100 km) (Sliney & Chaney 2006;Mandi 2016;Zwinkels 2016).…”

“…UV-C has the highest energy level and it is the most hazardous part of the ultraviolet radiation. Luckily, it is completely absorbed by the atmospheric oxygen (O 2 ) and stratospheric ozone (O 3 ), while most of the UV-B radiation is absorbed efficiently by O 3 , and UV-A is fully transmitted to the Earth's surface to a large extend (Madronich et al 1998;Mandi 2016). In this context, the ozone acts as a natural barrier to the Earth from sunlight and its effects.…”

“…The released atomic oxygen (O) then bonds with molecular oxygen (O 2 ), resulting in ozone (O 3 ). The O 3 is then broken down by long ultraviolet radiation (UV-B) to produce O 2 and O, according to the following equations (Häder 1991;Mandi 2016):…”

“…Unfortunately, the ozone layer has been undergoing a gradual decline in its quantity for nearly four decades due to gaseous pollutants, such as chlorinated fluorocarbons (CFCs), chloroform, hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), carbon tetrachloride, methyl bromide, and reactive nitrogen species (nitric oxide, nitrous oxide, etc.) (Rastogi et al 2014;Sreelakshmi & Raza 2014;Mandi 2016). These stable compounds can remain in the upper atmosphere for millions of years (20 -100 million years), where chlorine and bromine atoms are released from them via UV.…”