Natural Wastewater Treatment Systems

Crites, Ronald W.; Middlebrooks, E. Joe; Bastian, Robert K.

doi:10.1201/b16637

Cited by 79 publications

(77 citation statements)

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“…Marais and Shaw developed a pond equation that combines both first-order kinetics and completely mixed conditions (Crites et al 2006). This can also be used by designers for aerobic pond design (USEPA 2011; Crites et al 2006):…”

Section: Marais and Shawmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidation pond for municipal wastewater treatment

et al. 2015

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This literature review examines process, design, and cost issues related to using oxidation ponds for wastewater treatment. Many of the topics have applications at either full scale or in isolation for laboratory analysis. Oxidation ponds have many advantages. The oxidation pond treatment process is natural, because it uses microorganisms such as bacteria and algae. This makes the method of treatment cost-effective in terms of its construction, maintenance, and energy requirements. Oxidation ponds are also productive, because it generates effluent that can be used for other applications. Finally, oxidation ponds can be considered a sustainable method for treatment of wastewater.

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Section: Marais and Shawmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidation pond for municipal wastewater treatment

et al. 2015

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“…otras [4][5][6][7]. En los humedales construidos se lleva a cabo una interacción de sus componentes: agua, grava, plantas y microorganismos, que permiten la descontaminación de las aguas residuales [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Optimización del tratamiento de aguas residuales de cultivos de flores usando humedales construidos de flujo subsuperficial horizontal

Jaramillo-Gallego

Agudelo-Cadavid

Mesa

2015

Rev. Fac. Nac. Salud Pública

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“…The temperature of 80 o C for at least 10 minutes and the final moisture content of less than 10 % are required to obtain a product for land application. [5,4] According to Crites et al (2006), the combustion of sewage sludge requires a solid content of more than 26 %. [6] Combustion is considered an attractive method for treating sewage sludge, as it offers the following benefits: greater reduction of sludge volume, thermal destruction of toxic organic components, recovery of the energy content of the sludge, and minimization of odor generation.…”

Section: Technologies For Wastewater Sludge Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the mesophilic process there is a need for composting, thermal drying or a hygienisation process (70 o C for at least 30 min) before land application. [5] The composting of sewage sludge requires mechanical drying, and after that a structural material is needed to get the moisture content into a proper lever for composting (50 -60 %) and to allow better infiltration of air [6] Composting can be done outdoors in a static pile or in closed vessels. [5] The conditioning of sludge before land application can be done by chemicals or thermally.…”

Section: Technologies For Wastewater Sludge Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[5,4] According to Crites et al (2006), the combustion of sewage sludge requires a solid content of more than 26 %. [6] Combustion is considered an attractive method for treating sewage sludge, as it offers the following benefits: greater reduction of sludge volume, thermal destruction of toxic organic components, recovery of the energy content of the sludge, and minimization of odor generation. However, one of the major concerns is the pollutants created, and the heavy metal concentration of the remaining ash is too high for application to land and it is usually deposited into landfills [1].…”

Section: Technologies For Wastewater Sludge Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Suitability of Wastewater Sludge for Utilization in the Leningrad Region (Russia)

2017

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Insufficient wastewater treatment causes serious problems for the environment and health in the Leningrad Region. Even though wastewater treatment has been improving during the last decade, almost no attention has been paid to the wastewater sludge treatment. Nutrient emissions from the organic wastes, including wastewater sludge, are among the most significant sources of the eutrophication of the Baltic Sea. Disposal of sludge causes also significant greenhouse gas emissions, polluting local water resources and filling up the landfill sites. Currently the main treatment method of wastewater sludge in Russia is so called aging. This means that sludge is stored in piles from some months up to some years, and after that the sludge is disposed to landfills. In order to develop wastewater sludge treatment, it is essential to know the properties of the material treated. In Russia, wastewater sludge is often expected to contain high amounts of heavy metals. This is a significant challenge for material or energy recovery from the sludge. Different possible treatment methods of wastewater sludge are discussed in this paper. The properties and composition of wastewater sludge from two different municipal wastewater treatment plants are defined and discussed in the paper. The main properties are volatile and total solids, moisture and ash content, inorganic compounds, heavy metal contents, and the lower heating value of dry matter. The effect of the properties on energy and nutrient recovery purposes are evaluated.

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Natural Wastewater Treatment Systems

Cited by 79 publications

References 0 publications

Oxidation pond for municipal wastewater treatment

Oxidation pond for municipal wastewater treatment

Optimización del tratamiento de aguas residuales de cultivos de flores usando humedales construidos de flujo subsuperficial horizontal

Suitability of Wastewater Sludge for Utilization in the Leningrad Region (Russia)

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