Naturally occurring Tyzzer's disease in a clean mouse colony: High mortality with coincidental cardiac lesions

Tsuchitani, Minoru; Umemura, Takeji; Narama, Isao; Yanabe, Makoto

doi:10.1016/0021-9975(83)90055-5

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Even though aged FFPE samples are not ideal for the recovery of nucleic acids, the detection of C. piliforme DNA in all available samples of liver suggests that the PCR results observed are reliable, with positive cases even when silver stains failed to reveal the microorganism. Although intestinal damage is proposed as part of the initial pathogenesis of TD, 18,31 in our study, only 10 of 25 foals had some degree of histologic intestinal damage. However, the detection of C. piliforme by PCR in 20 of 24 colon sections suggests that the colon is colonized in most horses, and it likely precedes hepatic and systemic colonization.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Clostridium piliforme infection (Tyzzer disease) in horses: retrospective study of 25 cases and literature review

et al. 2021

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Tyzzer disease (TD) is caused by Clostridium piliforme, a gram-negative and obligate intracellular bacterium. The disease occurs in multiple species. A triad of lesions, namely colitis, hepatitis, and myocarditis, is described in cases of TD in some species, such as rats and mice. We carried out a retrospective analysis of 25 equine cases with a diagnosis of TD; 24 of 25 cases occurred in foals <45 d old; the remaining foal was 90 d old. There were 12 males and 12 females; no sex information was available for one foal. The affected breeds were Quarter Horse, Thoroughbred, Arabian, Paint, and Hanoverian. Most of the cases (19 of 25) occurred in the spring. There were 9 cases of sudden death; the remaining animals had diarrhea, fever, distended abdomen, depression, weakness, non-responsiveness, and/or recumbency. Gross findings included icterus, hepatomegaly with acinar pattern, serosal hemorrhages, pulmonary edema, and/or fluid content in small and large intestine. Microscopically, all foals had severe, multifocal, necrotizing hepatitis. Necrotizing lymphohistiocytic colitis was observed in 10 of 25 foals, and multifocal necrotizing myocarditis was found in 8 of 25. Gram-negative, Steiner-positive, intracytoplasmic filamentous bacteria were observed in hepatocytes, enterocytes, and myocardiocytes, respectively. PCR detected C. piliforme DNA in the liver (24 of 24), colon (20 of 24), and heart (5 of 25). Our results indicate that necrotic hepatitis is the hallmark of TD in horses; the so-called triad of lesions is not a consistent characteristic of the disease in this species.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Clostridium piliforme infection (Tyzzer disease) in horses: retrospective study of 25 cases and literature review

et al. 2021

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“…Studies in mice have revealed that significant intestinal damage is a prerequisite for infection of organs other than the liver. 13 Due to the lack of liver lesions in the weaver in the current study, it is postulated that the intestine was likely the initial site of infection, with enteritis leading to bacteremia and encephalitis.…”

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confidence: 94%

Clostridium piliformeencephalitis in a weaver bird (Ploceus castaneiceps)

et al. 2011

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A juvenile Taveta golden weaver (Ploceus castaneiceps) bird housed in a zoo aviary developed a sudden onset of neurological signs. The bird demonstrated head tilt, rolling onto its back, and inability to perch. Euthanasia was elected due to lack of response to intensive care, and a necropsy was performed. There were no significant abnormal findings on gross examination. On histopathology, the remarkable findings were localized to the brain and consisted of multifocal cerebral microabscesses and rarefaction. Filamentous rod-shaped bacteria were present within and at the periphery of the necrotic foci, and dispersed throughout the neuroparenchyma and intracellularly in neurons. The bacteria were Gram negative, and Warthin-Starry stain demonstrated characteristic "hay stacking." Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of the brain identified the agent as Clostridium piliforme. An additional microscopic finding was severe crypt enteritis; however, the bacteria were not observed in the intestinal sections.

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“…Tyzzer's disease, which is caused by infection with Bacillus piliformis, was first described by Tyzzer in 1917 [17], and is characterized by multifocal necrotizing hepatitis, carditis and/or severe hemorrhagic enteritis [16]. B. piliformis, named by Tyzzer, is a gram -negative, spore -forming, obligate intracellular parasite [9], which has not yet been successfully cultivated in artificial media, and whose real classification is still not clear.…”

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confidence: 99%

Detection of <I>Bacillus piliformis</I> by Specific Amplification of Ribosomal Sequences

Gotō

Itoh

1994

Experimental Animals

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Naturally occurring Tyzzer's disease in a clean mouse colony: High mortality with coincidental cardiac lesions

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

Clostridium piliforme infection (Tyzzer disease) in horses: retrospective study of 25 cases and literature review

Clostridium piliforme infection (Tyzzer disease) in horses: retrospective study of 25 cases and literature review

Clostridium piliformeencephalitis in a weaver bird (Ploceus castaneiceps)

Detection of <I>Bacillus piliformis</I> by Specific Amplification of Ribosomal Sequences

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