“…Early civilizations developed around seasonal river floodplains, and the natural attributes of rivers remain vital to humans today [12]. However, due to climate change and large-scale land-use changes [13], as well as changes in water use and demographic pressures [14], inland watersheds on a global scale have generally experienced vegetation degradation, soil erosion, water pollution, reduced biodiversity, and water scarcity, which have caused changes in watershed ecosystem services and an increasingly apparent conflict between ecological conservation and economic development [15,16]. Ecosystem restoration and management at the watershed scale is a profitable way to solve ecological and socioeconomic problems in the watershed [17][18][19][20][21].…”