Nature, extent, and causes of bullying among personality‐disordered patients in a high‐secure hospital

Ireland, Jane L.

doi:10.1002/ab.20017

Cited by 18 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…To date, research within psychiatric settings has focused on personality-disordered populations. The studies of Ireland [2004Ireland [ , 2005 were related studies sampling adult male personality-disordered offenders detained within a high-secure psychiatric hospital. The first study focused on the nature and extent of bullying and the second on the perceptions and definitions of bullying.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A total of 60 interviews were conducted involving 30 staff and 30 patients. Ireland [2004] reported that one fifth of patients and staff reported they had seen a patient being bullied in the previous week. One fifth of patients reported being bullied in the previous week, with less than one tenth reporting to have bullied others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported, for example, that marked similarities regarding the nature, extent and perceptions of bullying exist between patients residing on secure personality disorder units and inmates residing in prisons. Similarities between prison and personality disorder units in terms of social and physical environmental structures are evident and this has been used to explain the similarities in research findings [Ireland, 2004].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An interactional model of bullying designed to aid understanding of bullying in secure settings has been applied to understand the similarities between environments [Ireland, 2002a[Ireland, , 2004. This model considers bullying to be a product of an interaction between the environment and the individuals who reside there, with the environment serving to reinforce the bullying once it occurs [Ireland, 2002a].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…''Bullying should be expected to occur in secure hospital settings, however, since the elements known to promote bullying are certainly present. These include predictable staff supervision patterns, limits on material goods, low genetic and attachment relationships, limited physical living space and stimulation for their residents in comparison to community settings'' [Ireland, 2004]. Individual characteristics such as existence of a personality disorder and/or mental illness do remain important within this model but are considered dispositional factors serving to increase the potential for bullying and/or serving as vulnerability cues for victimisation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bullying among mentally-ill patients detained in a high-secure hospital: an exploratory study of the perceptions of staff and patients into how bullying is defined

Ireland

2006

Aggr. Behav.

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The present study is the first to explore patient-to-patient bullying within a secure psychiatric hospital housing mentally-ill patients. Its main aim was to provide an outline of the perceptions held by both patients and staff with regards to patient-to-patient bullying as opposed to providing an objective study of bullying. The total sample comprised 104 participants, 44 patients and 60 staff. These were sampled from wards housing male patients and wards housing female patients. All participants took part in a semi-structured interview based on that developed by Ireland and Ireland [2003] and Ireland [2005, 2004]. One quarter of participants stated they had seen a patient being bullied in the previous week, with staff perceiving a higher extent of bullying than patients. Differences between wards were minimal. It was predicted that theft-related bullying would be reported most frequently, that staff would identify a wider range of bullying behaviours than patients and that direct forms of aggression would be identified more readily as bullying than indirect forms. All predictions were supported. Problems in attempting to obtain a definition of bullying were also identified, with participants operating broader definitions than those found in the school-based literature. For example, bullying was not generally considered a repeated form of aggression, the severity of the aggression or provocative behaviour of the victim were not defining features, and it was felt bullying could be accidental. In summary, the current study highlights how patient-to-patient bullying does occur in services housing mentally-ill patients and that researching the behaviour may require the adoption of broader hospital-specific definitions of bullying. Aggr.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bullying among mentally-ill patients detained in a high-secure hospital: an exploratory study of the perceptions of staff and patients into how bullying is defined

Ireland

2006

Aggr. Behav.

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Why Do Bullies Bully?

Sanders¹,

Malamut²,

Cillessen³

2021

The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Bullying

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Although bullying has a long history of research, the question of why exactly people bully has received relatively little attention until recently. A closer view on motives provides a better understanding of the needs individuals try to fulfill and the goals they try to achieve by bullying. To understand why people bully, the better question to ask is "what do bullies want?" Slowly, more attention is being paid to motives in bullying research. This chapter reviews research on bullying motives (and related concepts such as needs and goals) and explains the value of taking these into account in anti-bullying interventions.Motives are commonly defined as the "why" of behavior (McAdams, 2002). Someone who is motivated will be moved to do something (Ryan & Deci, 2000. People have different types of motivation (Ryan & Deci, 2000), for instance a motive for status or belonging. Goals are a reflection of these motives (Volk, Dane, & Marini, 2014). Distinct, but related, to motives are the terms needs and drives. We will not focus on the differences between definitions but rather on the question that all these terms help to answer: why do bullies bully?Motives can shed light on the purpose of bullying behavior. For example, consider a high school student who wants to belong to a group. If it appears (consciously or unconsciously) to her that the goal of being part of a group can be reached by bullying, she might be inclined toward bullying behavior. Bullying can be considered goaloriented behavior; in this case, the purpose is being accepted by peers. Other researchers have argued that bullying should be seen as goal-directed behavior (e.g., Volk et al., 2014). As Volk, Veenstra, and Espelage (2017) suggest, using a goal-oriented focus to study bullying allows researchers to better understand why youths are motivated to bully, as well as to identify potential alternative approaches in which adolescents can achieve their desired goal.Bullying has often been viewed as a deficiency of social-cognitive skills, such as a lack of empathy, poor interpersonal skills, or difficulties with theory of mind. However, this

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Nature, extent, and causes of bullying among personality‐disordered patients in a high‐secure hospital

Ireland

2004

Aggressive Behavior

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The present study explored the perceptions and experiences of the nature, extent and causes of bullying among personality-disordered patients, with a subsidiary aim of exploring differences in perceptions between staff and patients. The sample was selected from the Personality Disorder Unit of a high secure hospital. The total sample consisted of 60 participants, 30 patients and 30 staff. Participants engaged in a semi-structured interview based on that developed by Brookes [1993] and modified by Ireland and Archer [1996] and Ireland [2002a]. The interview assessed their perceptions and experiences of patient-to-patient bullying. One fifth of patients and staff reported that they had seen a patient being bullied in the previous week. One-fifth of patients reported that they had been bullied in the previous week and less than one tenth reported that they had bullied others. The most frequent types of bullying reported were theft-related, verbal abuse, being made to do chores, physical assaults and intimidation. One fifth of the sample reported that sexual abuse took place. Victims were generally perceived to be 'easy targets' that were vulnerable, either physically or emotionally. Staff identified a wider range of victim types than patients. The results highlight how patient-to-patient bullying does occur and is an important issue worthy of further research. A number of similarities were found between the current findings and those of prison-based research suggesting that both hospitals and prisons share a number of environmental similarities that help to explain why bullying takes placed in secure forensic settings.

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Nature, extent, and causes of bullying among personality‐disordered patients in a high‐secure hospital

Cited by 18 publications

References 26 publications

Bullying among mentally-ill patients detained in a high-secure hospital: an exploratory study of the perceptions of staff and patients into how bullying is defined

Bullying among mentally-ill patients detained in a high-secure hospital: an exploratory study of the perceptions of staff and patients into how bullying is defined

Why Do Bullies Bully?

Nature, extent, and causes of bullying among personality‐disordered patients in a high‐secure hospital

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