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result, a series of helpful tools or apparatuses (like hacksaw-mantis, radar-bat, and gyrotron-fly) have been invented. [24][25][26][27][28] In addition, besides high-performance active materials, a flexible, porous, and self-supporting substrate is also crucial for developing a freestanding electrode without conductive or adhesive agents. [2,[4][5][6][7][8][9] For instance, directional water collection material, [10] antireflection film, [11,12] and superhydrophobic surface [13] have been designed and prepared by mimicking the microstructures of spider silk, transparent wings of glasswing butterfly/moth eye, and lotus leaf, respectively.
In the field of electrochemical energy storage, natural structures (like bamboo, [14] flower, [15,16] forest, [17,18] and honeycomb [19,20] ) have been and continue to be intriguing as models for molding similar micromorphologies of electrochemically active materials since these multiscale hierarchical structures exert enormous functions on electrochemical reactions (e.g., increasing reaction area, [21] providing fast electron paths, [22] and reducing diffusion path of electrolyte ions [23] ).
result, a series of helpful tools or apparatuses (like hacksaw-mantis, radar-bat, and gyrotron-fly) have been invented. [24][25][26][27][28] In addition, besides high-performance active materials, a flexible, porous, and self-supporting substrate is also crucial for developing a freestanding electrode without conductive or adhesive agents. [2,[4][5][6][7][8][9] For instance, directional water collection material, [10] antireflection film, [11,12] and superhydrophobic surface [13] have been designed and prepared by mimicking the microstructures of spider silk, transparent wings of glasswing butterfly/moth eye, and lotus leaf, respectively.
In the field of electrochemical energy storage, natural structures (like bamboo, [14] flower, [15,16] forest, [17,18] and honeycomb [19,20] ) have been and continue to be intriguing as models for molding similar micromorphologies of electrochemically active materials since these multiscale hierarchical structures exert enormous functions on electrochemical reactions (e.g., increasing reaction area, [21] providing fast electron paths, [22] and reducing diffusion path of electrolyte ions [23] ).