Nature-inspired Three-dimensional Au/Spinach as a Binder-free and Self-standing Cathode for High-performance Li-O2 Batteries

Single-Atomic Zn/Co-Nx Sites Boost Solid-Soluble Synergistic Catalysis for Lithium-Oxygen Batteries

“…Lithium-oxygen (Li-O 2 ) batteries have been considered to be one of the most promising next-generation energy storage technologies due to their high theoretical energy density (3500 Wh kg –1 ). − Nevertheless, the sluggish kinetics of oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR/OER) originated from the insoluble and insulated Li 2 O 2 give rise to poor cycling performances with low round-trip efficiencies. − In response, extensive efforts have been made to develop various catalysts to boost ORR/OER kinetics, such as solid electrocatalysts (e.g., noble metals − and transition-metal oxides − ) and soluble redox mediators (RMs; e.g., halides , and organic , and organometallic compounds , ). Recent studies have found that solid electrocatalysts can tailor the morphology and structure of Li 2 O 2 by regulating its growth pathway. − Although large-sized Li 2 O 2 aggregations (e.g., toroids and spheres) can contribute to high discharge capacities, poor contact between large Li 2 O 2 and active sites will arouse large charging polarization. − On the contrary, Li 2 O 2 nanosheets or films can provide much higher electronic and ionic conductivities, thus improving electrochemical kinetics during charge. − Unfortunately, the limited catalytic interface caused by immobile solid electrocatalysts slows the decomposition kinetics of Li 2 O 2 , accompanied by the inactivation of catalytic sites due to accumulated byproducts during subsequent cycling.…”

Single‐Atom Pd‐N4 Catalysis for Stable Low‐Overpotential Lithium‐Oxygen Battery

“…To facilitate the reversible decomposition of Li 2 O 2 , numerous efforts have been devoted to explore the cathode catalysts, including carbons, [20][21][22][23] precious metals, [24][25][26][27][28] and nonprecious metal oxides. [29][30][31][32] Among all the candidates explored, palladium [12,33,34] and its oxides [35] have shown some promise in decreasing charge overpotential and enhancing round-trip efficiency for Li-O 2 batteries.…”

“…[12][13][14][15] Considerable parasitic reactions are largely detrimental to the reversible Li 2 O 2 formation/decomposition, which in turn results in low round-trip efficiency and inferior rechargeability for Li-O 2 batteries. [16][17][18][19] Therefore, a rational design of efficient electrocatalysts toward decreasing overpotential, enhancing round-trip efficiency, and improving cycling stability is one of the significant strategies to solve the problems for Li-O 2 batteries.To facilitate the reversible decomposition of Li 2 O 2 , numerous efforts have been devoted to explore the cathode catalysts, including carbons, [20][21][22][23] precious metals, [24][25][26][27][28] and nonprecious metal oxides. [29][30][31][32] Among all the candidates explored, palladium [12,33,34] and its oxides [35] have shown some promise in decreasing charge overpotential and enhancing round-trip efficiency for Li-O 2 batteries.…”