Nature of Bound Water in Colloidal Systems

Bound Water in Plant Sap and Some Effects of Temperature and Nutrition Thereon

“…The data obtained in the study of this plant agree quite well with the experiments previously reported on colloidal and non-colloidial systems (2) wherein it was shown that the sign of the deviation depended upon the sum of the interacting forces within the solution and that the properties of the reference substances markedly affected the results. It is reasonable to conclude that in a natural solution consisting of water, organic acids, proteins and their intermediate products, one finds the same behavior regarding colligative properties, and the deviations therefrom, which may be expected in other complex solutions.…”

“…The evidence that the deviations observed in sap from hardened plants may be either positive or negative by proper choice of a reference substance is new and striking. Since there is no need to postulate bound water, and it is difficult to apply the former concept of bound water to both positive and negative deviations in the same solution, it is more suitable to ascribe the phenomena to the general properties of the solution than to the special properties of colloids (2).…”

“…The concept of bound water consisting of oriented water molecules about colloidal particles was discussed in a previous paper (2). By means of precise vapor-pressure measurements on dilute gelatin solutions it was shown that the random distribution of water molecules was not decreased by the presence of the colloid.…”

Nuclear magnetic resonance of water in deuterated citrus leaf tissue /

“…The metabolic changes associated with cold acclimation in plants have been the subject of much research (36,53,73,93,103,108,109,110,123,126,143,172,188,207). When plants acquire cold hardiness, by means of natural or artificial conditioning, quantitative and qualitative changes are found in sugars (78,104,116,119,142,218), protein (34,60, 116,118,202), DNA and RNA (38,67,116,117,172),lipids (201,207), protein sulfhydryls (98,106,110,111), bound water (14,104,108), and ascorbic acid (53). Increased cold hardiness has been found to correlate with changes in almost every group of compounds examined.…”

“…4). These bandwidths are broader than that of H^O in muscle which is [12][13][14][15][16][17], and broader than that of pure liquid H 2 O which displays a bandwidth of about 1 Hz. However, these deuterated citrus leaves displayed a narrower H 2 O bandwidth than nondeuterated citrus leaves (Fig.…”