Nature of Gene Action and Maternal Effects for Pod Borer, <i>Helicoverpa armigera</i> Resistance and Grain Yield in Chickpea, <i>Cicer arietinum</i>

Abstract

Information on mechanisms and inheritance of resistance is critical to plan an effective strategy to breed for resistance to insect pests. Therefore, we evaluated a diverse array of chickpea genotypes (eight desi and one kabuli) with varying levels of resistance to the pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera to gain an understanding of the nature of gene action and possible maternal effects. The test genotypes were crossed in all possible combinations for a full diallel. The 72 F 1 s (36 direct and 36 reciprocal crosses) along with the parents were evaluated for resistance to H. armigera under field conditions, and for antibiosis mechanism of resistance (larval survival and larval weight gain) by using detached leaf assay under laboratory conditions, and grain yield under un-protected conditions in the field. Additive gene action governed the inheritance of resistance to H. armigera, while non-additive type of gene action was predominant for inheritance of antibiosis component of resistance (larval survival and larval weight) and grain yield. Greater magnitude of σ 2 A (17.39 and 1.42) than σ 2 D (3.93 and 1.21) indicated the preponderance of σ 2 A in inheritance of resistance to pod borer, H. armigera under laboratory and field conditions, respectively. There were no maternal effects for inheritance of resistance to pod borer and grain yield. Lines with significant gca effects for pod borer damage and grain yield were identified for further use in the resistance breeding program. The implications of the inheritance pattern of pod borer resistance and grain yield are discussed in the context of strategies to enhance pod borer resistance and grain yield in chickpea.

Screening of some chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties against Helicoverpa armigera under semi arid climatic conditions

“…From the above results it was found that the genotypes Punjab-2008 and Balkasar-2000 are resistant to pod borer infestation and the genotypes 03009, Bittal-98, Bhakhar-2011 andThall-2006 are least resistant against the pod borer infestation. The results of pod damage percentage are in agreement with the results of authors who stated similar findings i.e., varieties with more pod borer infestation had more percentage damaged pods and vice versa (Nadeem et al, 2010;Sarwar et al, 2011) and these varieties possess traits and genes responsible for offering resistance to pod borer infestation and such varieties are potential resistance donors (Narayanamma et al, 2013;Sarwar 2013 The yield was highly affected by pod borer infestation. The results revealed that the genotypes with high pod borer infestation had minimum grain yield.…”

“…Earlier studies have emphasized on using diverse parents for producing productive crosses, from which superior breeding lines could be derived for increasing the levels of resistance to pod borer in chickpea (Narayanamma et al, 2013).…”

Exploration on resource of resistance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes to gram pod borer Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera)

“…Additive gene action governed the inheritance of resistance to H. armigera, while non-additive type of gene action was predominant for inheritance of antibiosis component of resistance (larval survival and larval weight) and grain yield (Narayanamma et al, 2013). The discrepancies between the different chickpea genotypes for larval population of pest, pods infestation and the grain yield, confirmed in current study, are indication that the host plant resistance may possibly be successfully utilized in the integrated management of H. armigera.…”

Crop hosts and genotypic resistance influence the biological activity of Bacillus thuringiensis towards Helicoverpa armigera

“…The interaction of commercial Bt formulation and pure Bt toxin Cry1Ac with insect-resistant and esusceptible genotypes on survival and development of H. armigera was studied by incorporating the lyophilized chickpea leaves, pigeonpea pods, sorghum grains, and cotton squares (the plant parts upon which H. armigera feeds on these crops under natural conditions) into the artificial diets (Sharma, 2009;Dhillon and Sharma, 2010;Narayanamma et al, 2013). Biolep ® , a commercial formulation of Btk (strain Z-52, serotype H-3a, 3b), obtained from Biotech International Ltd; New Delhi, India, and the Bt Cry1Ac toxin (obtained from Dr. Marianne P. Carey, Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biochemistry, Cleveland, Ohio, USA) were used for studying host genotype e Bt interactions at the ED 50 (effective dose to reduce the larval weight by 50%) concentrations of 0.0125% and 5 ng ml À1 of diet, respectively (Sharma et al, 2008).…”