Nb:BST: Crystal growth and ferroelectric properties

Effect of rhodium doping on the growth and characteristics of BaTiO3 single crystals grown by step-cooling method

“…The vein-like structure is formed due to the growth below 1000 C, at a lower supersaturation and low stacking fault energy, as observed generally in BaTiO 3 family crystals [15,16]. Concentric spiral growth pattern was observed on the grown crystals for Rh concentration of 3 mol/%.…”

Dielectric properties of BaMg1∕3Nb2∕3O3 doped Ba0.45Sr0.55Tio3 thin films for tunable microwave applications

“…10 Mg 2þ and Nb 5þ , which are acting as an electron accepter and donor, respectively, by replacing the B site of the (A 2þ B 4þ O 2þ 3 ) perovskite, have received the most attention because of their drastic effect in altering the dielectric properties of the BST film. 4,6,8,[11][12][13][14] Individually, each ion improves either the tunability or the insulating properties of BST -not both at a time. Adding Mg 2þ ($1-5 mol%) suppresses the dielectric loss and the LC; but, these come with a huge drop in dielectric constant and tunability of the BST film.…”

“…Adding Mg 2þ ($1-5 mol%) suppresses the dielectric loss and the LC; but, these come with a huge drop in dielectric constant and tunability of the BST film. 4,11 Conversely, doping BST with Nb 5þ ($5 mol%) increases the dielectric constant and tenability; 8,12,15 however, these are accompanied by the increase of dielectric loss and LC, mainly due to the excess electron that Nb donates when it substitutes Ti site. 6,13,14 Doping BST with Mg 2þ and Nb 5þ concomitantly may improve both the tunability and insulating properties of BST.…”

Structural and dielectric properties of Ba0.80Sr0.20Ti1 − x Sn x O3 ceramics

“…The structure and dielectric properties of barium strontium titanate system (by substituting Ba ions at the A-site of BaTiO 3 with Sr) and barium titanate stannate system (by substituting Ti ions at the B-site of BaTiO 3 with Sn) have been widely studied by many researchers [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. However, little work has been reported on BSTS that is obtained by substituting ions at the A-site and B-site of the BaTiO 3 simultaneously with Sr and Sn in the perovskite structure ABO 3 .…”