NB-IoT for Smart Agriculture: Experiments from the Field

Valecce, Giovanni; Petruzzi, Pierpaolo; Strazzella, Sergio; Grieco, Luigi Alfredo

doi:10.1109/codit49905.2020.9263860

Cited by 30 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…NB-IoT can be used in applications requiring precise location and wider coverage. However, it is fairly expensive and is not suitable for remote locations where mobile connectivity is not available [108]. Farmers can also build more LoRaWAN repeaters or gateways on their own land without seeking any authorization.…”

Section: Smart Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Power Wide-Area Networks: A Broad Overview of Its Different Aspects

et al. 2022

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Low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs) are gaining popularity in the research community due to their low power consumption, low cost, and wide geographical coverage. LPWAN technologies complement and outperform short-range and traditional cellular wireless technologies in a variety of applications, including smart city development, machine-to-machine (M2M) communications, healthcare, intelligent transportation, industrial applications, climate-smart agriculture, and asset tracking. This review paper discusses the design objectives and the methodologies used by LPWAN to provide extensive coverage for low-power devices. We also explore how the presented LPWAN architecture employs various topologies such as star and mesh. We examine many current and emerging LPWAN technologies, as well as their system architectures and standards, and evaluate their ability to meet each design objective. In addition, the possible coexistence of LPWAN with other technologies, combining the best attributes to provide an optimum solution is also explored and reported in the current overview. Following that, a comparison of various LPWAN technologies is performed and their market opportunities are also investigated. Furthermore, an analysis of various LPWAN use cases is performed, highlighting their benefits and drawbacks. This aids in the selection of the best LPWAN technology for various applications. Before concluding the work, the open research issues, and challenges in designing LPWAN are presented.INDEX TERMS Low-power wide-area networks, wireless networks, Internet of Things, design objectives, network topology, architecture, and applications. I. INTRODUCTIONThe Internet of Things (IoT) has the potential to change the way we live and work by providing its essential services to all the smart devices which are connected to it. IoT alleviates various challenges of wireless networks such as robust internet connectivity among a large population of smart devices, energy constraints in mobile edge devices, fast data transfer, efficient bandwidth utilization, and increased data gathering capability/reliability at the receiver. To achieve these goals, the devices must be optimally connected to the network, resulting in a fast exchange of sensed data facilitating intelligent decision-making to control the physical world phenomenon yielding a smart ecosystem. Several independent studies have predicted that in coming years IoT plays a crucial role in various social and commercial applications such as smart healthcare, intelligent transporta-tion, climate-smart agriculture, rescue operations, logistics, smart cities, industries, utilities, smart buildings, consumer electronics, security, asset tracking, smart waste management systems, cognitive manufacturing, and Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications [1]-[5]. Furthermore, it has been estimated that by 2025, the adoption of smart M2M gadgets and electronic goods can overtake the number of human subscribers utilizing smartphones, desktops, notebooks, and similar objects. According to the analys...

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Section: Smart Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Power Wide-Area Networks: A Broad Overview of Its Different Aspects

et al. 2022

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“…Installing/maintaining such base stations is costly and may not be an option in remote areas or in complex critical infrastructures that do not allow invasive installations. Moreover, even as LPWANs show high link robustness outdoors or indoors [ 19 , 20 ], network coverage blind spots are inevitable (i.e., places where end devices are completely out of network range), such as in deep indoor devices (e.g., utility meters). An example of such blind spots of a LoRaWAN network was demonstrated in previous work [ 21 ].…”

Section: Survey Of Current Iot Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They showed a maximum range of the LoRa link up to 1300 m during the high tide when the transmitter was 2 m above ground but this range was reduced to 650 m when the transmitter was 1 m or less above ground. Valecce et al [ 19 ] tested NB-IoT connectivity in an agricultural setup. They showed that NB-IoT maintained connectivity at 83% PRR to an underground cellar and up to 90% PRR in an open terrace.…”

Section: Survey Of Current Iot Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Historical Twist on Long-Range Wireless: Building a 103 km Multi-Hop Network Replicating Claude Chappe’s Telegraph

Rady

Munoz²,

Abu-Aisheh

et al. 2022

Sensors

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In 1794, French Engineer Claude Chappe coordinated the deployment of a network of dozens of optical semaphores. These formed “strings” that were hundreds of kilometers long, allowing for nationwide telegraphy. The Chappe telegraph inspired future developments of long-range telecommunications using electrical telegraphs and, later, digital telecommunication. Long-range wireless networks are used today for the Internet of Things (IoT), including industrial, agricultural, and urban applications. The long-range radio technology used today offers approximately 10 km of range. Long-range IoT solutions use “star” topology: all devices need to be within range of a gateway device. This limits the area covered by one such network to roughly a disk of a 10 km radius. In this article, we demonstrate a 103 km low-power wireless multi-hop network by combining long-range IoT radio technology with Claude Chappe’s vision. We placed 11 battery-powered devices at the former locations of the Chappe telegraph towers, hanging under helium balloons. We ran a proprietary protocol stack on these devices so they formed a 10-hop multi-hop network: devices forwarded the frames from the “previous” device in the chain. This is, to our knowledge, the longest low power multi-hop wireless network built to date, demonstrating the potential of combining long-range radio technology with multi-hop technology.

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“…The fact that the NB-IoT interface is based on LTE allows reducing the final cost of the device as well as the system deployment time [5]. The main goal of the NB-IoT is to provide the communication between devices in harsh radio conditions, e.g., underground or in basement environments [6][7][8].…”

Section: The Nb-iot Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Software-Defined NB-IoT Uplink Framework—The Design, Implementation and Use Cases

Olejniczak

Blaszkiewicz

Cwalina

et al. 2021

Sensors

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In the radiocommunication area, we may observe a rapid growth of new technology, such as 5G. Moreover, all the newly introduced radio interfaces, e.g., narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), are strongly dependent on the software. Hence, the radiocommunication software development and optimization, as well as the 3GPP technical specification, should be introduced at the academic level of education. In this paper, a software-defined NB-IoT uplink framework in the field of design is presented, as well as its realization and potential use cases. The framework may be used as an academic tool for developing, investigating, and optimizing the digital transmitter paths. The proposed realization is focused on the key elements in the physical layer of the NB-IoT interface used in the sensor devices. Furthermore, the paper also highlights the need of the data processing optimization to minimize the power consumption and usage of the resources of the NB-IoT node during transmitting gathered telemetric data.

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NB-IoT for Smart Agriculture: Experiments from the Field

Cited by 30 publications

References 13 publications

Low-Power Wide-Area Networks: A Broad Overview of Its Different Aspects

Low-Power Wide-Area Networks: A Broad Overview of Its Different Aspects

A Historical Twist on Long-Range Wireless: Building a 103 km Multi-Hop Network Replicating Claude Chappe’s Telegraph

Software-Defined NB-IoT Uplink Framework—The Design, Implementation and Use Cases

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