Nb3Sn material development in Russia

Pantsyrny, V.; Shikov, A.K.; Vorobieva, A.

doi:10.1016/j.cryogenics.2008.04.006

Cited by 35 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Figure 7 shows the distribution of strand suppliers, thereby confirming the international nature of the project. It should be noted that 3 of these suppliers (ChMP in RF [25], KAT in KO [26] and WST [27][28] in CN) are new to the business and have been set up by their government to fulfil the ITER needs, while the five others (BEAS in EU [29], Hitachi [30;32] and Jastec [31][32] in Japan and Luvata [33] and OST [34][35] in the USA) are well established superconducting strand suppliers. One particularity of ITER conductor manufacture is that it requires dedicated 800-1000 m long jacketing lines where to store the welded jacket assemblies and to carry out cable insertion prior to compaction and spooling.…”

Section: Iter Conductorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and status of ITER conductor production

Devred

Backbier

Bessette

et al. 2014

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

174

118

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Taking the relay of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, ITER has become the largest project in applied superconductivity. In addition to its technical complexity, ITER is also a management challenge as it relies on an unprecedented collaboration of 7 partners, representing more than half of the world population, who provide 90% of the components as in-kind contributions. The ITER magnet system has a stored energy of 51 GJ and involves 6 of the ITER partners. The coils are wound from Cable-In-Conduit Conductors (CICCs) made up of superconducting and copper strands assembled into a fully transposed, rope-type cable, inserted into a conduit of butt-welded austenitic steel tubes. The conductors for the Toroidal Field (TF) and Central Solenoid (CS) coils require about 500 tons of Nb 3 Sn strands while the Poloidal Field (PF) and Correction Coil (CC) and busbar conductors need around 250 tons of Nb-Ti strands. The required amount of Nb 3 Sn strands far exceeds pre-existing industrial capacity and has called for a significant worldwide production scale up. The TF conductors are the first ITER components to be mass produced and are more than 50% complete. During its life time, the CS coil will have to sustain several tens of thousands of electromagnetic (EM) cycles to high current and field conditions, way beyond anything a large Nb 3 Sn coil has ever experienced. Following a comprehensive R&D program, a technical solution has been found for the CS conductor, which ensures stable performance versus EM and thermal cycling. Productions of PF, CC and busbar conductors are also underway. After an introduction to the ITER project and magnet system, we describe the ITER conductor procurements and the Quality Assurance/Quality Control programs that have been implemented to ensure production uniformity across numerous suppliers. Then, we provide examples of technical challenges that have been encountered and we present a status of ITER conductor production worldwide.

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Section: Iter Conductorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and status of ITER conductor production

Devred

Backbier

Bessette

et al. 2014

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

174

118

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“…Ta causes wire breakages due to work hardening and the Nb diffusion barrier applied causes a considerable increase of hysteresis loss. V. Pantsyrny et al [5] also studied the influence of diffusion barrier on hysteresis loss. They give the same result that the samples with the single Nb barrier had the maximum hysteresis losses, the samples with single Ta barrier had the minimum values and conductors with two-layered Nb/Ta barrier had the intermediate values.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…This paper is focused on the optimization of bronze processed Nb Sn strand at WST. There are many factors such as Sn content in the bronze matrix [4], bronze to niobium area ratio [2], filament diameter [5], the ternary addition in bronze matrix or Nb filament [6], heat treatment cycle [7] and so on, will have a strong effect on . The hysteresis loss mainly results from proximity effect between filaments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of Bronze Processed ${\hbox {Nb}}_{3}{\hbox {Sn}}$ Strand for ITER at WST

Zhang

Guo³

et al. 2012

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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Operated under high magnetic field ( 11 T), the toroidal field (TF) system consists of complex conductors using Nb Sn as superconducting material. According to the strand requirements for the ITER TF conductor, bronze processed Nb Sn strands with high superconducting performance have been manufactured using high tin content bronze at WST. The studies on filament diameter, diffusion barrier, sample heat treatment and annealing temperature have been carried out to enhance Nb Sn strand properties. The results of these investigations have been presented. The result indicates that the different filament diameter has a weak influence on the critical current value for the different reaction degree. In the manufacturing process the annealing temperature should be kept below 500 C to realize a high value. The continuous Nb Sn layer formation on the internal surface of the barrier causes a considerable increase of hysteresis loss when single Nb barrier is used. There is almost no difference of , hysteresis loss and grain morphology for two heat treatments: ITER heat treatment cycle B and WST heat treatment cycle.

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“…Over the last decade, composite superconductors based on the Nb 3 Sn compound have been actively employed for generating high fields in superconduct ing magnets of thermonuclear reactors, in particular, such as TOKAMAK 15 (Russia) and International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) (France) [1][2][3]. In spite of great successes in creating progressive technologies of industrial production of multifilamentary superconducting wires, further investigations are necessary to satisfy the ever growing demands to their service characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the nanocrystalline structure of Nb3Sn superconducting layers upon two-stage annealing of Nb/Cu-Sn composites alloyed with titanium

Deryagina

Попова

Романов

et al. 2012

Phys. Metals Metallogr.

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The effect of diffusion annealing on the structure of superconducting layers of the Nb 3 Sn phase and the extent of transformation of niobium filaments of multifilamentary Nb/Cu-Sn superconductors obtained using the bronze process has been investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The sam ples differed in the titanium concentration and method of alloying. It has been shown that the thickness of layers of the Nb 3 Sn phase grows with an enhancement in the titanium concentration in Nb filaments and that it is composites with the alloyed bronze matrix that exhibit the most favorable structure and morphology from the viewpoint of reaching the maximum current carrying capacity of the conductor in all of the regimes of diffusion annealing under study. DERYAGINA et al.Notes: L is the width of the Nb 3 Sn layer; L eq is the width of the zone of Nb 3 Sn equiaxed grains; L col is the width of the zone of columnar grains; D col,max and D eq,max are the maximum longitudinal size of columnar grains and the maximum diameter of equiaxed grains; and Nb : Sn is the ratio between Nb and Sn (in at %) in Nb 3 Sn layers.

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Nb3Sn material development in Russia

Cited by 35 publications

References 25 publications

Challenges and status of ITER conductor production

Challenges and status of ITER conductor production

Optimization of Bronze Processed ${\hbox {Nb}}_{3}{\hbox {Sn}}$ Strand for ITER at WST

Evolution of the nanocrystalline structure of Nb3Sn superconducting layers upon two-stage annealing of Nb/Cu-Sn composites alloyed with titanium

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