Nd3+ Sensitized Up/Down Converting Dual-Mode Nanomaterials for Efficient In-vitro and In-vivo Bioimaging Excited at 800 nm

Abstract

Core/shell1/shell2/shell3 structured NaGdF4:Nd/NaYF4/NaGdF4:Nd,Yb,Er/NaYF4 nanocrystals were well designed and synthesized, each of the parts assume respective role and work together to achieve dual-mode upconverting (UC) and downconverting (DC) luminescence upon the low heat effect 800-nm excitation. Nd3+, Yb3+, Er3+ tri-doped NaGdF4:Nd,Yb,Er UC layer [NIR (800 nm)-to-Visible (540 nm)] with a constitutional efficient 800 nm excitable property were achieved for the in-vitro bioimaging with low auto-fluorescence and photo-damage effects. Moreover, typical NIR (800 nm)-to-NIR (860–895 nm) DC luminescence of Nd3+ has also been realized with this designed nanostructure. Due to the low heat effect, high penetration depth of the excitation and the high efficiency of the DC luminescence, the in-vivo high contrast DC imaging of a whole body nude mouse was achieved. We believe that such dual-mode luminescence NCs will open the door to engineering the excitation and emission wavelengths of NCs and will provide a new tool for a wide variety of applications in the fields of bioanalysis and biomedical.

LaF3 core/shell nanoparticles for subcutaneous heating and thermal sensing in the second biological-window

“…Recent studies dealing with the heating effects and the light-induced cytotoxicity during in vitro imaging experiments have pointed out 808 nm as an optimal excitation wavelength, since it simultaneously minimizes both the laser-induced thermal loading of the tissue and the intracellular photochemical damage. 23,[26][27][28] The existence of high power, cost-effective laser diodes operating at 808 nm also makes this specific wavelength interesting from a technical point of view.In this sense, the design and synthesis of a single NP capable of simultaneous heating and thermal sensing, and operating in the II-BW, appears to be especially captivating and, also, quite challenging. A potential way to join different structures or sub-structures in a single one is the use of the so called core/shell engineering.…”

“…Recent studies dealing with the heating effects and the light-induced cytotoxicity during in vitro imaging experiments have pointed out 808 nm as an optimal excitation wavelength, since it simultaneously minimizes both the laser-induced thermal loading of the tissue and the intracellular photochemical damage. 23,[26][27][28] The existence of high power, cost-effective laser diodes operating at 808 nm also makes this specific wavelength interesting from a technical point of view.…”

Optically investigating Nd^3+-Yb^3+ cascade sensitized upconversion nanoparticles for high resolution, rapid scanning, deep and damage-free bio-imaging

“…Subsequently, the highly efficient cascade energy transfer (ET) process (Nd 3+ →Yb 3+ →Ln 3+ ) were achieved by modulating the core-shell structure and doping concentration [19,20]. Meanwhile, potential deep imaging ability of this novel UCNPs were indicated [18,20,21].…”

Continuous Liquid Phase Synthesis of Europium and Bismuth Co-Doped Yttrium Vanadate Nanophosphor Using Microwave Heating

“…Especially, QDs-utilized light emitting diode (LED) backlights realize a wide color gamut display due to their excitonic narrow emission bands [4]. Another important use of nanophosphors is expected to be an in-vivo bio-sensing application [10]. In any case, a high quantum efficiency (QE) and a size-control are required for nanophosphors in order to utilize in real applications.…”

“…Nanophosphors including quantum dots (QDs) have been extensively investigated during the last two decades due to their potential for display [1]- [5], photovoltaic cells [6]- [8], bio-labels [9], [10], security [11] and so on. Especially, QDs-utilized light emitting diode (LED) backlights realize a wide color gamut display due to their excitonic narrow emission bands [4].…”