Neandertal talus bones from El Sidrón site (Asturias, Spain): A 3D geometric morphometrics analysis

Rosas, Antonio; Ferrando, Anabel; Bastir, Markus; García-Tabernero, Antonio; Estalrrich, Almudena; Huguet, Rosa; García‐Martínez, Daniel; Pastor, Juan Francisco; Rasilla, Marco de la

doi:10.1002/ajpa.23280

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Body size inferred by the lnCS is significantly correlated ( p < .001) with talar shape captured by PC1, but variation in talar shape is not solely due to the effects of size ( r = −0.38). Other authors who have studied talar morphological variation found that talar shape is significantly related to body size and this has been used to discern primitive traits from those influenced by body size (Parr et al, ; Rosas et al, ). However, there is not a generalized scaling rule in the talus of H. sapiens , and more broadly in hominoid primates, as a consequence of high intra‐specific variability that could be ultimately related to differences in sex, ontogenetic trajectories and likely activity level (Parr et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of mobility strategy on the modern human talus

Sorrentino

Stephens

Carlson

et al. 2019

American J Phys Anthropol

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Objectives: The primate talus is known to have a shape that varies according to differences in locomotion and substrate use. While the modern human talus is morphologically specialized for bipedal walking, relatively little is known on how its morphology varies in relation to cultural and environmental differences across time.Here we compare tali of modern human populations with different subsistence economies and lifestyles to explore how cultural practices and environmental factors influence external talar shape. Materials and Methods:The sample consists of digital models of 142 tali from 11 archaeological and post-industrial modern human groups. Talar morphology was investigated through 3D (semi)landmark based geometric morphometric methods.Results: Our results show distinct differences between highly mobile huntergatherers and more sedentary groups belonging to a mixed post-agricultural/industrial background. Hunter-gatherers exhibit a more "flexible" talar shape, everted posture, and a more robust and medially oriented talar neck/head, which we interpret as 171:456-469.wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/ajpa reflecting long-distance walking strictly performed barefoot, or wearing minimalistic footwear, along uneven ground. The talus of the post-industrial population exhibits a "stable" profile, neutral posture, and a less robust and orthogonally oriented talar neck/head, which we interpret as a consequence of sedentary lifestyle and use of stiff footwear.Discussion: We suggest that talar morphological variation is related to the adoption of constraining footwear in post-industrial society, which reduces ankle range of motion. This contrasts with hunter-gatherers, where talar shape shows a more flexible profile, likely resulting from a lack of footwear while traversing uneven terrain.We conclude that modern human tali vary with differences in locomotor and cultural behavior.footwear, Homo sapiens, subsistence strategies, talus

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of mobility strategy on the modern human talus

Sorrentino

Stephens

Carlson

et al. 2019

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…Sexual dimorphism is an important factor underlying morphological variation in the entire human body, including the respiratory system (Frayer & Wolpoff, ; Franciscus, ; Krishtalka et al, ; Lam et al, ; Lockwood, ; Lockwood et al, ; LoMauro and Aliberti, ; McHenry, ; Molgan‐Seon et al, ; Plavcan, , , , ; Ponce de León et al, ; Rehg & Leigh, ; Reno et al, ; Reno et al, ; Richmond & Jungers, ; Wood, ; Bastir et al, ; Hall, ; Holton et al, ; Rosas & Bastir, , ; Rosas et al, ; Bastir et al, ; Carlson et al, ; Fischer & Mitteroecker, , ; İşcan & Shihai, ; Kranioti et al, ; García‐Martínez et al, ; Mitteroecker & Fischer, ; Rascón Pérez, ; Rosas et al, , ; Walker, ; Walker, ; Weinstein, ). García‐Martínez et al () quantified static thoracic morphology and found that males have more horizontally oriented ribs than females, as well as relatively shorter and wider ribcages, particularly in the caudal part.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sexual dimorphism is a well‐documented source of morphological variation in recent and fossil hominins, and is observed in the entire human skeleton (Dominelli et al ; Frayer & Wolpoff, ; Franciscus, ; Krishtalka, Stucky, & Beard, ; Lam, Pearson, & Smith, ; Lockwood, ; Lockwood, Menter, Moggi‐Cecchi, & Keyser, ; McHenry, ; Plavcan, , , , ; Ponce de León et al, ; Rehg & Leigh, ; Reno, Meindl, McCollum, & Lovejoy, ; Reno, McCollum, Meindl, & Lovejoy, ; Richmond & Jungers, ; Wood, ). In modern humans, sexual dimorphism has been intensively studied in the skull (e.g., Bastir, Godoy, & Rosas, ; Hall, ; Holton, Yokley, Froehle, & Southard, ; Rosas & Bastir, , ; Rosas, Bastir, Martı́nez‐Maza, & de Castro, ), and in the postcranium (e.g., Bastir, Higuero, Ríos, & Garcia Martinez, ; Carlson, Grine, & Pearson, ; Fischer & Mitteroecker, , ; García‐Martínez, Torres‐Tamayo, Torres‐Sánchez, García‐Río, & Bastir, ; İşcan & Shihai, ; Kranioti, Bastir, Sánchez‐Meseguer, & Rosas, ; Mitteroecker & Fischer, ; Rascón Pérez, ; Rosas et al, , ; Weinstein, ). Skeletal morphological differences between sexes are usually accompanied by differences in size, so static allometry (Klingenberg & Zimmermann, ) is a factor to take into account when studying sex‐related differences in the human skeleton (Cheverud, ; Fischer & Mitteroecker, ; Freidline, Gunz, & Hublin, ; García‐Martínez et al, ; Humphrey, ; Rosas & Bastir, , ; Viðarsdóttir, O'Higgins, & Stringer, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three‐dimensional analysis of sexual dimorphism in ribcage kinematics of modern humans

García‐Martínez

Bastir

Torres-Tamayo

et al. 2019

American J Phys Anthropol

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Objectives: Sexual dimorphism is an important biological factor underlying morphological variation in the human skeleton. Previous research found sex-related differences in the static ribcage, with males having more horizontally oriented ribs and a wider lower ribcage than females. Furthermore, a recent study found sex-related differences in the kinematics of the human lungs, with cranio-caudal movements of the caudal part of the lungs accounting for most of the differences between sexes. However, these movements cannot be quantified in the skeletal ribcage, so we do not know if the differences observed in the lungs are also reflected in sex differences in the motion of the skeletal thorax. Materials and methods:To address this issue, we quantified the morphological variation of 42 contemporary human ribcages (sex-balanced) in both maximal inspiration and expiration using 526 landmarks and semilandmarks. Thoracic centroid size differences between sexes were assessed using a t test, and shape differences were assessed using Procrustes shape coordinates, through mean comparisons and dummy regressions of shape on kinematic status. A principal components analysis was used to explore the full range of morphological variation.Results: Our results show significant size differences between males and females both in inspiration and expiration (p < .01) as well as significant shape differences, with males deforming more than females during inspiration, especially in the mediolateral dimension of the lower ribcage. Finally, dummy regressions of shape on kinematic status showed a small but statistically significant difference in vectors of breathing kinematics between males and females (14.78 ; p < .01).Discussion: We support that sex-related differences in skeletal ribcage kinematics are discernible, even when soft tissues are not analyzed. We hypothesize that this differential breathing pattern is primarily a result of more pronounced diaphragmatic breathing in males, which might relate to differences in body composition, metabolism, and ultimately greater oxygen demand in males compared to females. Future research should further explore the links between ribcage morphological variation and basal metabolic rate.

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“…Several morphological studies of the El Sidrón Neandertals have been conducted, including analyses of the crania (Rosas et al, 2008;Bastir et al, 2010;Pena-Melian et al, 2011), dentition (Rosas et al, 2006Dean et al, 2013), ribs (Bastir et al, 2015(Bastir et al, , 2017, clavicles (Rosas et al, 2016), humeri (Rosas et al, 2015) and tali (Rosas et al, 2017). Among the preserved Neandertal remains at El Sidrón are multiple hand bones, including carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges that were discovered between 1994 and 2009.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Neandertal wrist bones from El Sidrón, Spain (1994–2009)

Kivell

Rosas

Estalrrich

et al. 2018

Journal of Human Evolution

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Twenty-nine carpal bones of Homo neanderthalensis have been recovered from the site of El Sidrón (Asturias, Spain) during excavations between 1994 and 2009, alongside ∼2500 other Neandertal skeletal elements dated to ∼49,000 years ago. All bones of the wrist are represented, including adult scaphoids (n = 6), lunates (n = 2), triquetra (n = 4), pisiforms (n = 2), trapezia (n = 2), trapezoids (n = 5), capitates (n = 5), and hamates (n = 2), as well as one fragmentary and possibly juvenile scaphoid. Several of these carpals appear to belong to the complete right wrist of a single individual. Here we provide qualitative and quantitative morphological descriptions of these carpals, within a comparative context of other European and Near Eastern Neandertals, early and recent Homo sapiens, and other fossil hominins, including Homo antecessor, Homo naledi, and australopiths. Overall, the El Sidrón carpals show characteristics that typically distinguish Neandertals from H. sapiens, such as a relatively flat first metacarpal facet on the trapezium and a more laterally oriented second metacarpal facet on the capitate. However, there are some distinctive features of the El Sidrón carpals compared with most other Neandertals. For example, the tubercle of the trapezium is small with limited projection, while the scaphoid tubercle and hamate hamulus are among the largest seen in other Neandertals. Furthermore, three of the six adult scaphoids show a distinctive os-centrale portion, while another is a bipartite scaphoid with a truncated tubercle. The high frequency of rare carpal morphologies supports other evidence of a close genetic relationship among the Neandertals found at El Sidrón.

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Neandertal talus bones from El Sidrón site (Asturias, Spain): A 3D geometric morphometrics analysis

Cited by 19 publications

References 69 publications

The influence of mobility strategy on the modern human talus

The influence of mobility strategy on the modern human talus

Three‐dimensional analysis of sexual dimorphism in ribcage kinematics of modern humans

New Neandertal wrist bones from El Sidrón, Spain (1994–2009)

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