Near- and far-field tsunami amplitudes by a moving curvilinear stochastic submarine slide shape based on linearized water wave theory

Ramadan, Khaled T.; Allam, Allam A.; Omar, Mohamed

doi:10.1016/j.oceaneng.2015.08.064

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The TUNAMI model operates using the nonlinear theory of the shallow water equation that is solved by a leap-frog and upwind scheme based on a cartesian coordinate system. The cartesian coordinate system is limited by a small area, with a small change in the spherical surface of the Earth 58 , 59 . We therefore modified the existing governing equation of the TUNAMI model to a geographic (spherical) coordinate system based on Baba et al 50 , as given in Eqs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The near-field tsunami generated by the 15 January 2022 eruption of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcano and its impact on Tongatapu, Tonga

Pakoksung

Suppasri

Imamura

2022

Sci Rep

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On 15 January 2022 at 04:15 UTC, the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai (HTHH) volcano in Tonga produced a massive eruption that triggered a transoceanic tsunami generated by the coupled ocean and atmospheric shock wave produced during the explosion. The tsunami first reached the coast of Tonga and eventually reached many coasts around the world. This volcano previously underwent a massive eruption in 1100 AD, and an eruption occurs approximately every 1000 years. The 2022 HTHH event provides an opportunity to study a major volcanically generated tsunami that caused substantial damage. In this study, we present a numerical simulation of a tsunami with a state-of-the-art numerical model based on a submarine explosion scenario. We constrain the geometry and magnitude of the explosion energy source based on analyses of pre- and post-event satellite images, which demonstrate that the explosion magnitude varied from 1 to 90 megatons of trinitrotoluene (Mt). Estimated submarine explosion geometries result in a suitable explosion magnitude of approximately 25 Mt, as determined with the waveform from the tide gauge in the time and frequency domains. The tsunami wave first reached the northwestern part of Tonga’s Tongatapu within 10 min, with a maximum runup height of approximately 15 m, and covered the whole of Tongatapu within 30 min. Finally, the numerical simulation provides deep insights into the physical volcanic explosion processes and improves our understanding and forecasting capabilities of frequent and catastrophic tsunamis caused by submarine volcanic explosions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The near-field tsunami generated by the 15 January 2022 eruption of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcano and its impact on Tongatapu, Tonga

Pakoksung

Suppasri

Imamura

2022

Sci Rep

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“…All these studies neglected the nonlinear terms in the boundary conditions to study the generation of the tsunami waves using the transform methods. In this paper, an analytical approach was used to illustrate the tsunami wave, the L 2 norms of the free surface 55 elevation, the displaced water volume as a result of the bottom topography, the potential energy of the free surface elevation and the velocity flow rates in the open ocean during the generation and propagation processes for a given stochastic bottom profile ζ(x, y, t).The Laplace and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) methods could be applied taken into account constant depths h. After applying the Fourier-Laplace transform of the Laplace equation (1) and the boundary conditions (2) - (4), and using the initial conditions in (5), the velocity potential ϕ ̅ ( k 1 , k 2 , z, s ) and the free surface elevation η ̅ (k 1 , k 2 , s ) are obtained, respectively as seen in Ramadan et al (2015) as: 5…”

Section: Mathematical Formulation Of the Linear Water Wave Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Submarine earthquakes are often represented as random phenomena, where white noise stochastic processes are 45 adopted to properly model their frequency content (Greco et al 2014). Numerous studies used Gaussian white noise stochastic processes to account the random components of bottom deformation in tsunami simulation, see (Omar et al 2012;Allam et al 2014;Ramadan et al 2015;Ramadan et al 2017). Dynamic bottoms are often used to model the waves generated by some type of bottom motion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near- and far-field tsunami waves, displaced water volume, potential energy and velocity flow rates by a stochastic submarine earthquake source model

Ramadan

2018

Preprint

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Abstract. Sources of tsunamis are non-uniform and commonly uncorrelated and very difficult to predict. The best 10 ideal way to appear their aspects is through heterogeneous or stochastic source models which are more realistic. The effect of random fluctuation of submarine earthquake modeled by vertical time-dependent displacement of a stochastic source model is investigated on the tsunami generation and propagation waves. The noise intensity parameter controls the increase of the stochastic bottom amplitude which results in increasing the oscillations and amplitude in the free surface elevation which provides an additional contribution to tsunami waves. The L 2 norm of 15 the free surface elevation, the displaced water volume and the potential energy are examined. These quantitative information about predicting tsunami risk are useful for risk managers who decide to issue warnings and evacuation orders. The horizontal average velocity flow rates of the tsunami wave are investigated. The average velocity flow rates can provide valuable information about the stochastic bottom topography by the distinctive velocity oscillations. Flow velocity is of importance in risk assessment and hazard mitigation which may provide a clear 20 signal of tsunami flows. Time series of the flow velocities and wave gauges under the effect the water depth of the ocean are investigated.

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Tsunami Energy, Ocean-Bottom Pressure, and Hydrodynamic Force from Stochastic Bottom Displacement

Ramadan

Omar

Allam

2017

Pure Appl. Geophys.

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Near- and far-field tsunami amplitudes by a moving curvilinear stochastic submarine slide shape based on linearized water wave theory

Cited by 6 publications

References 64 publications

The near-field tsunami generated by the 15 January 2022 eruption of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcano and its impact on Tongatapu, Tonga

The near-field tsunami generated by the 15 January 2022 eruption of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcano and its impact on Tongatapu, Tonga

Near- and far-field tsunami waves, displaced water volume, potential energy and velocity flow rates by a stochastic submarine earthquake source model

Tsunami Energy, Ocean-Bottom Pressure, and Hydrodynamic Force from Stochastic Bottom Displacement

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