“…In addition, as we reported recently, it is possible the tune the widths of the individual structures within the grating to allow excitation of standing wave surface plasmons, that is, propagating plasmons with opposite k -vectors; also, for certain grating periods a Wood anomaly, leading to light propagating along the interface, can be simultaneously excited. − The substrate can play a large role in the enhancement, particularly if it has a large dielectric response. Fluorescence intensities of up to 350 times the unenhanced value on a bare glass surface have already been observed for Ag nanoparticles on an “active” substrate, and further increased enhancements are theoretically allowed. , The substrate might facilitate electronic communication between individual nanostructures and more efficient generation of resonant plasmons, through coupling with the electronic states of each structure simultaneously. , Tuning of the spacing between the nanostructures and a metallic substrate is also expected to change the coupling between localized plasmon resonances in the former and surface plasmon resonances in the latter. , …”