Near Field Exposure Conditions by UHF-RFID Systems in Smart Healthcare Environments

Miguel-Bilbao, Silvia de; Hernández, J.A.; Suárez, Oscar J.; Marina, Pablo; Febles, Victor M.; Rabassa, Luis E.; Suarez, Samuel; Karpowicz, Jolanta; Zradziński, Patryk; Gryz, Krzysztof; Aguirre, Erik; Ramos, Victoria

doi:10.1109/emc/si/pi/emceurope52599.2021.9559189

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Above 2 GHz the limits are expressed in terms of incident power density which require accurate measurement of the EMF in the proximity of the device, as recent findings suggest that in future networks, EMF exposure will be dominated by the end user device [6]. The near field nature of exposure was also observed for various publicly used technologies like short-range wireless RFID technology [7][8] or occupational sources such as military communication technology [9][10]. When conducted in the near field, EMF measurements are complicated and require sophisticated measurement devices and procedures with several sources of uncertainty [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limitations of using electro-optical probes for the measurement of the electromagnetic field emitted by the new generations of wireless communication devices

Sârbu

Bechet

Miclăuș

2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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The rapid evolution of communication standards caused a paradigm shift in electromagnetic field (EMF) measurement campaigns, as exposure is more likely to take place in the proximity of the device. With the increased spatial variability of EMF exposure, electro-optical (EO) technology stands out as a promising alternative to conventional near field measurement instrumentation due to their miniature sizes and dielectric structure that does not interfere with the measured field. Motivated by the recent progress in the EO sensing technology, it is this article purpose to quantify the limitations of using a set of commercially available EO probes for measurement of EMF emitted by an IEEE 802.11ax router and a VoLTE mobile phone. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to characterize the capabilities of this emerging sensing technology for EMF exposure assessment in real world communication situations. Present findings suggest that the sensitivity of the investigated EO probes is insufficient for measuring broadband signals at field levels that characterize state-of-the-art communication devices used by the public in common usage scenarios. This work also documents the EO probes suitability and response with respect to frequency, electric field strength and signal bandwidth.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limitations of using electro-optical probes for the measurement of the electromagnetic field emitted by the new generations of wireless communication devices

Sârbu

Bechet

Miclăuș

2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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“…Constant technological development and the subsequent development of the digital society mean, among other things, that people’s daily lives and work environments involve more and more sources of radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) used for wireless communication between various devices. One of the most frequently used technologies for this purpose is High-Frequency (HF) RadioFrequency IDentification (RFID), working as a standalone system or as an integral part of a more sophisticated Internet of Things (IoT) system [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is part of the globally used RFID technologies operating on various frequency bands, from 30 kHz up to 5.9 GHz [ 1 , 6 ]. HF RFID technology is used in the public environment and in many areas of the economy and medical centres [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Probably the most common application of HF RFID technology integrated in IoT systems today is managing proximity cards used in public transport, payment, access control to buildings or rooms, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling and Evaluating Electromagnetic Field Exposure in the Multiple-Source Scenario of Using IoT HF RFID Readers

Zradziński

2022

IJERPH

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The aim of this study was to evaluate Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) and induced electric field (Ein) values in the model of a body of a person present near multiple HF RFID readers of a passive proximity integrated circuit card (PICC) working in an IoT application in a public transport vehicle, in order to test the hypothesis that even the simultaneous use of modelled readers does not cause electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure exceeding relevant limits provided for the evaluation of exposure of the general public. SAR and Ein values were evaluated under various exposure scenarios, designed to mimic EMF exposure under realistic conditions of HF RFID readers used on a public bus and covering various reader locations and the presence of a person using a PICC and a bystander. The results obtained from numerical modelling showed that the absorption of EMF emitted continuously by HF RFID readers (located 10 cm away from a body) in the human body may have a significant influence on humans when the PICC reading ranges are longer than 15–23 cm (depending on the class of PICC) for a single reader and when multiple sources of exposure are used in a public transport vehicle—even at reading ranges 15% shorter (13–20 cm).

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Monitoring Head Orientation Using Passive RFID Tags

Figueiredo,

Hubbs,

Radadia

2023

IEEE J. Radio Freq. Identif.

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Near Field Exposure Conditions by UHF-RFID Systems in Smart Healthcare Environments

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

Limitations of using electro-optical probes for the measurement of the electromagnetic field emitted by the new generations of wireless communication devices

Limitations of using electro-optical probes for the measurement of the electromagnetic field emitted by the new generations of wireless communication devices

Modelling and Evaluating Electromagnetic Field Exposure in the Multiple-Source Scenario of Using IoT HF RFID Readers

Monitoring Head Orientation Using Passive RFID Tags

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