Near-field radiofrequency electromagnetic exposure assessment

Rubtsova, Nina; Perov, Sergey; Belaya, O. V.; Kuster, Niels; Balzano, Quirino

doi:10.3109/15368378.2015.1076444

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…This uncertainty is mainly caused by a discrepancy between the measured personal exposure and the actually induced personal exposure during a-UL. An explanation for this measurement uncertainty can be found in the difference in location where the exposure is measured (location of the PEM) and where the exposure is induced (location on the human body near the user device (Rubtsova et al 2015)). An alternative technique to register a-UL exposure is the use of personal diaries.…”

Section: Review Of the Current Exposure Dosimetry Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protocol for Personal RF-EMF Exposure Measurement Studies in 5th Generation Telecommunication Networks

Velghe

Aerts

Martens

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background The general population is exposed to Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields (RF-EMFs) used by telecommunication networks. Previous studies developed methods to assess this exposure. These methods will be inadequate to accurately assess exposure in 5G technologies. This is due to the fact that 5G NR (new radio) base stations will focus actively on connected users, resulting in a high spatio-temporal variations in the RF-EMFs. This increases the measurement uncertainty in personal measurements of RF-EMF exposure. Furthermore, a user’s exposure from base stations will be dependent on the amount of data usage, adding a new component to the auto-induced exposure, which is often omitted in current studies. Methods The objective of this paper is to develop a general study protocol for future personal RF-EMF exposure research adapted to 5G technologies. This protocol will include the assessment of auto-induced exposure of both a user’s own devices and the networks’ base stations. Results To account for auto-induced exposure, an activity-based approach is introduced. In survey studies, an RF-EMF sensor is fixed on the participants’ mobile device(s). Based on the measured power density, GPS data and movement and proximity sensors, different activities can be clustered and the exposure during each activity is evaluated. In microenvironmental measurements, a trained researcher performs measurements in predefined microenvironments with a mobile device equipped with the RF-EMF sensor. The mobile device is programmed to repeat a sequence of data transmission scenarios (different amounts of uplink and downlink data transmissions). Based on simulations, the amount of exposure induced in the body when the user device is at a certain location relative to the body, can be evaluated. Conclusion Our protocol addresses the main challenges to personal exposure measurement introduced by 5G NR. A systematic method to evaluate a user’s auto-induced exposure is introduced.

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Section: Review Of the Current Exposure Dosimetry Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protocol for Personal RF-EMF Exposure Measurement Studies in 5th Generation Telecommunication Networks

Velghe

Aerts

Martens

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The idea was re-launched in 2015 by Rubtsova et al [13] in connection to exposure assessments in the near field of personal wireless telecommunication devices.…”

Section: Magnetic Properties Of Brain Tissue and The Approach Of Elecmentioning

confidence: 99%

H-Field Contribution to the Electromagnetic Energy Deposition in Tissues Similar to the Brain but Containing Ferrimagnetic Particles, During Use of Face-Held Radio Transceivers

Miclăuș¹,

Racuciu²,

Bechet³

2017

PIER B

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Abstract-A portable radio transceiver with rubber ducky antenna emitting at 446 MHz with an output power of 5 W was considered as near-field source of electric (E) and magnetic (H) field components when being used in the proximity of the user's face. By taking into account the significant content of ferrimagnetic nanoparticles recently identified to reside in the human brain, we assessed the specific absorption rate (SAR) of energy deposition due to H-component penetrating a presumptive forebrain. H-component SAR contribution to the total SAR is for the first time estimated in such a case, based on an original idea inspired from knowledge on magnetic fluids hyperthermia.

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“…The small size antennas in medical applications are suited for use in and around human bodies. There are multiple antenna approaches [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] for the E/H linearity within the human body, while lacks the portable size feature that enables integrating them around the human tissue sizes. The rapid development in devices that emit Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields (RF-EMF) has sparked a growing interest in their interaction with biological systems and their beneficial effects on human health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Modeling and Computer Simulation of a Meander Line Antenna for Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment, a Feasibility Study

Perez¹,

Rahmani²,

Morisaki³

et al. 2023

JBM

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a brain disorder that eventually causes memory loss and the ability to perform simple cognitive functions; research efforts within pharmaceuticals and other medical treatments have minimal impact on the disease. Our preliminary biological studies showed that Repeated Electromagnetic Field Stimulation (REFMS) applying an EM frequency of 64 MHz and a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 0.4 -0.9 W/kg decrease the level of amyloid-β peptides (Aβ), which is the most likely etiology of AD. This study emphasizes uniform E/H field and SAR distribution with adequate penetration depth penetration through multiple human head layers driven with low input power for safety treatments. In this work, we performed numerical modeling and computer simulations of a portable Meander Line antenna (MLA) to achieve the required EMF parameters to treat AD. The MLA device features a low cost, small size, wide bandwidth, and the ability to integrate into a portable system. This study utilized a High-Frequency Simulation System (HFSS) in the design of the MLA with the desired characteristics suited for AD treatment in humans. The team designed a 24-turn antenna with a 60 cm length and 25 cm width and achieved the required resonant frequency of 64 MHz. Here we used two numerical human head phantoms to test the antenna, the MIDA and spherical head phantom with six and seven tissue layers, respectively. The antenna was fed from a 50-Watt input source to obtain the SAR of 0.6 W/kg requirement in the center of the simulated brain tissue layer. We found that the E/H field and SAR distribution produced was not homogeneous; there were areas of high SAR values close to the antenna transmitter,

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Near-field radiofrequency electromagnetic exposure assessment

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Protocol for Personal RF-EMF Exposure Measurement Studies in 5th Generation Telecommunication Networks

Protocol for Personal RF-EMF Exposure Measurement Studies in 5th Generation Telecommunication Networks

H-Field Contribution to the Electromagnetic Energy Deposition in Tissues Similar to the Brain but Containing Ferrimagnetic Particles, During Use of Face-Held Radio Transceivers

Numerical Modeling and Computer Simulation of a Meander Line Antenna for Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment, a Feasibility Study

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