Near-infrared fluorescent probe with rapid response and large Stokes shift for imaging peroxynitrite in living cells, zebrafish and mice

Visualization of ONOO– and Viscosity in Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity with Different Fluorescence Signals by a Sensitive Fluorescent Probe

“…However, extremely short half-life (<10 ms) and nanomolar homeostasis concentration of ONOO – almost precludes its detection in situ under physiological conditions. , Currently, several methods of ONOO – detection have been reported, such as electron spin resonance and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry . In contrast, fluorescence imaging technology not only can greatly improve the efficiency of research in in vitro studies but also can provide a simple, noninvasive, and convenient visual method for real-time tracking in vivo bioimaging. − Therefore, there have emerged a number of fluorescent probes for ONOO – in biological systems mainly based on the protected/deprotected strategy, including the α-keto amide, boronic acid, and formamide-based probes. − …”

Highly Sensitive D–A–D-Type Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe for Nitric Oxide Real-Time Imaging in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

“…Fluorescence imaging has recently attracted extensive attention in improving disease detection and clinical image-guided surgery due to its high sensitivity, spatiotemporal resolution, and real-time visualization. , Thus, a series of fluorescent probes has been developed for NO imaging in live cells or ex vivo tissues through the specific reactions of NO with an o -phenylenediamino (OPD) moiety, − metal–ligand complexes, − N -nitrosation of aromatic amines, − diazo aromatization, and others. − Despite great advances being achieved, there remains a great challenge to apply these probes for real-time in vivo detection of NO, particularly in deep tissues and disease animal models owing to their poor water solubility and short emission wavelength (<700 nm). Fluorescent probes in the near-infrared (NIR) region (700–900 nm) are more superior for noninvasive imaging in vivo due to their low tissue absorbance, scattering, and autofluorescence, which can further enhance deep tissue penetration and improve signal-to-noise ratios in vivo. − However, such NIR probes over 700 nm for NO imaging in vivo are elusive. , On the other hand, the OPD moiety is commonly exploited for capturing NO due to its intrinsic high selectivity and sensitivity, which can not only quench fluorescence via the photoinduced electron transfer (PeT) mechanism − but also specifically react with NO to generate benzotriazole and subsequently turn on fluorescence by inhibiting the PeT process. Nevertheless, simultaneous control of NO response and NIR emission is still synthetically challenging for these PeT-based fluorescent probes.…”

Two-Photon, Ratiometric, Quantitative Fluorescent Probe Reveals Fluctuation of Peroxynitrite Regulated by Arginase 1

“…Peng et al. reported a series of turn-on fluorescent probes selectively responding to peroxynitrite, with good sensitivity and water solubility. , These fluorescent probes among others − qualitatively revealed the presence of peroxynitrite, but quantitation remains unsolved. The demand to measure subtle changes in peroxynitrite levels, therefore, provides a major impetus to develop a fluorescent probe specifically for quantitative analysis.…”