Malayaite (CaSnSiO 5 ) doped with Cr may be used as a cheap gold-free purple red pigment to substitute the purple of Cassius. Different molar ratios of Ca/Sn malayaite doped with Cr were prepared and various characrizations were employed. The results indicate that the pigment is composed of CaSnSiO 5 and SnO 2 when the molar ratio of Ca/Sn is 0.8, and the color is close to agate red color. When the molar ratio of Ca/Sn is 1.25, the phases CaSnSiO 5 , SnO 2 , and Ca 3 SnSi 2 O 9 exist simultaneously, while the color is yellow or yellowish colors. Excessive Ca(II) increases the normal calcination temperature of pigment, from 1080 • C to 1130 • C. The distribution of chromium ions on the sample surface varies greatly with the change in Ca/Sn molar ratio. The theoretical formulation was obtained based on the stoichiometric formula of CaCr x Sn 1-x SiO 5 by using response surface methodology (RSM). According to the RSM model, the relationship between the molar ratio of Cr/Sn/Ca and the color property was established. The desired pigment formulation (rendering agate red) color is that the molar ratio of Cr/Sn/Ca is 0.010:1.003:0.800. The accuracy of the models was confirmed with analysis of variance, the simulation results were verified again by experiments.