Near-infrared spectroscopy as a quantitative spasticity assessment tool: A systematic review

McDougall, Jessica; Chow, Eric; Harris, R. Luke; Mills, Patricia

doi:10.1016/j.jns.2020.116729

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In order to attain a functional understanding of the muscle response, muscle oxygen saturation (SmO 2 ) and hemoglobin concentration (Hgb) have been suggested as values to study [6]. These variables require a localized measurement of muscle response, which can be obtained in a continuous, non-invasive manner using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) methods [6][7][8]. NIRS-based SmO 2 provides, in a non-invasive way, information on changes in oxygenation and hemodynamics in muscle tissue as a function of the characteristics dependent on the oxygen reflected by the light provided by the NIRS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of Low-Cost Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in the Determination of Muscular Oxygen Saturation and Hemoglobin Concentration during Rest, Isometric and Dynamic Strength Activity

Miranda‐Fuentes

Guisado-Requena

Floody

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Background: The objective of this study was to establish the reliability of the Humon Hex near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) in determining muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) and hemoglobin concentration (Hgb) at rest and during isometric and dynamic strength exercises using a functional electromechanical dynamometer (FEMD). Methods: The SmO2 and Hgb values of sixteen healthy adults (mean ± standard deviation (SD): Age = 36.1 ± 6.4 years) were recorded at rest and during isometry (8 s), dynamic strength I (initial load of 40% of the average isometric load, with 2 kg increments until muscle failure) and dynamic strength II (same as I, but with an initial load of 40% of the maximum isometric load) activity. To evaluate the reliability in the determination of SmO2 and Hgb of this device, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM) and coefficient of variation (CV) were obtained. Results: The main results obtained are SmO2 at rest (CV = 5.76%, SEM = 3.81, ICC = 0.90), isometric strength (CV = 3.03%, SEM = 2.08, ICC = 0.92), dynamic strength I (CV = 10.6, SEM = 7.17, ICC = 0.22) and dynamic strength II (CV = 9.69, SEM = 6.75, ICC = 0.32); Hgb at rest (CV = 1.97%, SEM = 0.24, ICC = 0.65), isometric strength (CV = 0.98%, SEM = 0.12, ICC = 0.96), dynamic strength I (CV = 3.25, SEM = 0.40, ICC = 0.54) and dynamic strength II (CV = 2.74, SEM = 0.34, ICC = 0.65). Conclusions: The study shows that Humon Hex is a reliable device to obtain SmO2 and Hgb data in healthy adult subjects at rest and during isometric strength, providing precision for measurements made with this device.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of Low-Cost Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in the Determination of Muscular Oxygen Saturation and Hemoglobin Concentration during Rest, Isometric and Dynamic Strength Activity

Miranda‐Fuentes

Guisado-Requena

Floody

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Medical imaging technologies, such as near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) ( 59 ), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ( 60 ), quantitative ultrasound technology (QUS) ( 61 ) thermography ( 62 ) and spasticity scale based on ultrasonography ( 63 , 64 ), are used to assess spasticity (see Table 3 ).…”

Section: Medical Imaging Based Spasticity Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NIRS is a non-invasive optical technique for detecting real-time muscle hemodynamics and metabolism ( 73 ). The widely used outcome measures of NIRS include oxygenated hemoglobin (O 2 Hb) concentration, deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb) concentration, total hemoglobin (tHb) concentration, and the tissue oxygenation index (TOI%), (an index of local tissue oxygenation calculated from O 2 Hb and HHb) ( 59 ). In addition, NIRS can detect blood volume differences and oxidative capacity changes between normal and dysfunctional muscles ( 74 ).…”

Section: Medical Imaging Based Spasticity Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, NIRS can detect blood volume differences and oxidative capacity changes between normal and dysfunctional muscles ( 74 ). NIRS is easy to use in clinics ( 59 ). Although lack of high-quality RCT studies, preliminary results have shown that NIRS correlates with other spastic measures such as the MAS and sEMG ( 59 ).…”

Section: Medical Imaging Based Spasticity Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative assessment of spasticity: a narrative review of novel approaches and technologies

Luo

et al. 2023

Front. Neurol.

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Spasticity is a complex neurological disorder, causing significant physical disabilities and affecting patients' independence and quality of daily lives. Current spasticity assessment methods are questioned for their non-standardized measurement protocols, limited reliabilities, and capabilities in distinguishing neuron or non-neuron factors in upper motor neuron lesion. A series of new approaches are developed for improving the effectiveness of current clinical used spasticity assessment methods with the developing technology in biosensors, robotics, medical imaging, biomechanics, telemedicine, and artificial intelligence. We investigated the reliabilities and effectiveness of current spasticity measures employed in clinical environments and the newly developed approaches, published from 2016 to date, which have the potential to be used in clinical environments. The new spasticity scales, taking advantage of quantified information such as torque, or echo intensity, the velocity-dependent feature and patients' self-reported information, grade spasticity semi-quantitatively, have competitive or better reliability than previous spasticity scales. Medical imaging technologies, including near-infrared spectroscopy, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound and thermography, can measure muscle hemodynamics and metabolism, muscle tissue properties, or temperature of tissue. Medical imaging-based methods are feasible to provide quantitative information in assessing and monitoring muscle spasticity. Portable devices, robotic based equipment or myotonometry, using information from angular, inertial, torque or surface EMG sensors, can quantify spasticity with the help of machine learning algorithms. However, spasticity measures using those devices are normally not physiological sound. Repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation can assess patients with severe spasticity, which lost voluntary contractions. Neuromusculoskeletal modeling evaluates the neural and non-neural properties and may gain insights into the underlying pathology of spasticity muscles. Telemedicine technology enables outpatient spasticity assessment. The newly developed spasticity methods aim to standardize experimental protocols and outcome measures and enable quantified, accurate, and intelligent assessment. However, more work is needed to investigate and improve the effectiveness and accuracy of spasticity assessment.

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“…Diagnostic robotic devices may quantify viscoelastic properties and spasticity, but evidence for their implementation in clinical practice over clinical scales is lacking [19]. Near-infrared spectroscopy may noninvasively measure blood volume and oxidative capacity differences between spastic and nonspastic muscles over time or after interventions and correlates with clinical and electromyographic measures of spasticity [20], but it is not used in clinical setting.…”

Section: Patophysiology Definition and Assessment Of Spasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Spasticity following brain and spinal cord injury: assessment and treatment

Tamburin

Filippetti

Mantovani

et al. 2022

Current Opinion in Neurology

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Purpose of reviewSpasticity is a common sequela of brain and spinal cord injury and contributes to disability, reduces quality of life, and increases economic burden. Spasticity is still incompletely recognized and undertreated. We will provide an overview of recent published data on the definition, assessment, and prediction, therapeutic advances, with a focus on promising new approaches, and telemedicine applications for spasticity.Recent findingsTwo new definitions of spasticity have been recently proposed, but operational criteria should be developed, and test–retest and inter-rater reliability should be explored. Cannabinoids proved to be effective in spasticity in multiple sclerosis, but evidence in other types of spasticity is lacking. Botulinum neurotoxin injection is the first-line therapy for focal spasticity, and recent literature focused on optimizing its efficacy. Several pharmacological, interventional, and nonpharmacological therapeutic approaches for spasticity have been explored but low-quality evidence impedes solid conclusions on their efficacy. The recent COVID-19 pandemic yielded guidelines/recommendations for the use of telemedicine in spasticity.SummaryDespite the frequency of spasticity, robust diagnostic criteria and reliable assessment scales are required. High-quality studies are needed to support the efficacy of current treatments for spasticity. Future studies should explore telemedicine tools for spasticity assessment and treatment.

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Near-infrared spectroscopy as a quantitative spasticity assessment tool: A systematic review

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

Reliability of Low-Cost Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in the Determination of Muscular Oxygen Saturation and Hemoglobin Concentration during Rest, Isometric and Dynamic Strength Activity

Reliability of Low-Cost Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in the Determination of Muscular Oxygen Saturation and Hemoglobin Concentration during Rest, Isometric and Dynamic Strength Activity

Quantitative assessment of spasticity: a narrative review of novel approaches and technologies

Spasticity following brain and spinal cord injury: assessment and treatment

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