“…These neural changes are expected to be paralleled by changes in performance in the experiment. Previous research shows that increasing the reward received from a desired outcome can facilitate cognitive processes that are required for the achievement of that outcome (Adcock, Thangavel, Whitfield-Gabrieli, Knutson, & Gabrieli, 2006;Delgado, Gillis, & Phelps, 2008;Engelmann, Damaraju, Padmala, & Pessoa, 2009;Jimura, Locke, & Braver, 2010;Kouneiher, Charron, & Koechlin, 2009;Krawczyk, Gazzaley, & D'Esposito, 2007;Taylor et al, 2004). Thus, we assume that when performance-based rewards are introduced, activation in task-related areas such as the IPL will increase, reflecting the increased effort and cognitive engagement.…”