Near-perfect conversion of a propagating plane wave into a surface wave using metasurfaces

Tcvetkova, Svetlana; Kwon, Do-Hoon; Díaz-Rubio, Ana; Tretyakov, Sergei

doi:10.1103/physrevb.97.115447

Cited by 45 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…the unit cells, and inherit the unique properties of their 3D counterparts while minimizing bulkiness, losses, and cost. Functionalities such as beam steering, focusing, vorticity control, or RCS reduction have been demonstrated across the spectrum, from microwaves [6]- [8] to terahertz [9]- [13], or optical frequencies [14], [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Error Analysis of Programmable Metasurfaces for Beam Steering

Taghvaee

Cabellos‐Aparicio

Georgiou

et al. 2020

IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Topics Circuits Syst.

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Recent years have seen the emergence of programmable metasurfaces, where the user can modify the EM response of the device via software. Adding reconfigurability to the already powerful EM capabilities of metasurfaces opens the door to novel cyber-physical systems with exciting applications in domains such as holography, cloaking, or wireless communications. This paradigm shift, however, comes with a non-trivial increase of the complexity of the metasurfaces that will pose new reliability challenges stemming from the need to integrate tuning, control, and communication resources to implement the programmability. While metasurfaces will become prone to failures, little is known about their tolerance to errors. To bridge this gap, this paper examines the reliability problem in programmable metamaterials by proposing an error model and a general methodology for error analysis. To derive the error model, the causes and potential impact of faults are identified and discussed qualitatively. The methodology is presented and exemplified for beam steering, which constitutes a relevant case for programmable metasurfaces. Results show that performance degradation depends on the type of error and its spatial distribution and that, in beam steering, error rates over 20% can still be considered acceptable.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Error Analysis of Programmable Metasurfaces for Beam Steering

Taghvaee

Cabellos‐Aparicio

Georgiou

et al. 2020

IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Topics Circuits Syst.

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“…Since X 12 = X 21 , the impedance matrix (3) corresponds to a nonreciprocal and locally active or lossy metasurface. Equation (2) has other thenZ = iX forms of solutions, as it was shown in [37] for an anisotropic metasurface. However, for any exact solution, one arrives at the same conclusion: The impedance matrix corresponds to either reciprocal or nonreciprocal but always locally active or lossy metasurface.…”

Section: A Impedance Matrix Of An Ideal Convertermentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Recently, Tcvetkova et al have for the first time rigorously studied the problem of conversion of an incident plane wave into a surface wave with a growing amplitude [37] by means of a reflecting anisotropic metasurface (described by tensor surface parameters). The incident plane wave and the surface wave had orthogonal polarizations in order to avoid interference resulting in the requirement of "loss-gain" power flow into the metasurface [35,36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omega-bianisotropic metasurface for converting a propagating wave into a surface wave

et al. 2019

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Although a rigorous theoretical ground on metasurfaces has been established in the recent years on the basis of the equivalence principle, the majority of metasurfaces for converting a propagating wave into a surface wave are developed in accordance with the so-called generalized Snell's law being a simple heuristic rule for performing wave transformations. Recently, for the first time, Tcvetkova et al. [Phys. Rev. B 97, 115447 (2018)] have rigorously studied this problem by means of a reflecting anisotropic metasurface, which is, unfortunately, difficult to realize, and no experimental results are available. In this paper, we propose an alternative practical design of a metasurface-based converter by separating the incident plane wave and the surface wave in different half-spaces. It allows one to preserve the polarization of the incident wave and substitute the anisotropic metasurface by an omega-bianisotropic one. The problem is approached from two sides: By directly solving the corresponding boundary problem and by considering the "time-reversed" scenario when a surface wave is converted into a nonuniform plane wave. We develop a practical three-layer metasurface based on a conventional printed circuit board technology to mimic the omega-bianisotropic response. The metasurface incorporates metallic walls to avoid coupling between adjacent unit cells and accelerate the design procedure. The design is validated with full-wave three-dimensional numerical simulations and demonstrates high conversion efficiency. arXiv:1905.04334v1 [physics.app-ph]

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“…Assuming first that r ∈ Ω + and letting r = |r|(cos θ, sin θ), θ ∈ (−π, 0) ∪ (0, π), we have that the resulting reflected and transmitted fields in (42) can be expressed as…”

Section: Generalized Laws Of Reflection and Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sideways adiabaticity: beyond ray optics for slowly varying metasurfaces

Pérez‐Arancibia¹,

Pestourie²,

Johnson³

2018

Opt. Express

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Optical metasurfaces (subwavelength-patterned surfaces typically described by variable effective surface impedances) are typically modeled by an approximation akin to ray optics: the reflection or transmission of an incident wave at each point of the surface is computed as if the surface were "locally uniform", and then the total field is obtained by summing all of these local scattered fields via a Huygens principle. (Similar approximations are found in scalar diffraction theory and in ray optics for curved surfaces.) In this paper, we develop a precise theory of such approximations for variable-impedance surfaces. Not only do we obtain a type of adiabatic theorem showing that the "zeroth-order" locally uniform approximation converges in the limit as the surface varies more and more slowly, including a way to quantify the rate of convergence, but we also obtain an infinite series of higher-order corrections. These corrections, which can be computed to any desired order by performing integral operations on the surface fields, allow rapidly varying surfaces to be modeled with arbitrary accuracy, and also allow one to validate designs based on the zeroth-order approximation (which is often surprisingly accurate) without resorting to expensive brute-force Maxwell solvers. We show that our formulation works arbitrarily close to the surface, and can even compute coupling to guided modes, whereas in the far-field limit our zeroth-order result simplifies to an expression similar to what has been used by other authors. * cperezar@mit.edu 1 arXiv:1806.05330v2 [physics.optics]

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Near-perfect conversion of a propagating plane wave into a surface wave using metasurfaces

Cited by 45 publications

References 25 publications

Error Analysis of Programmable Metasurfaces for Beam Steering

Error Analysis of Programmable Metasurfaces for Beam Steering

Omega-bianisotropic metasurface for converting a propagating wave into a surface wave

Sideways adiabaticity: beyond ray optics for slowly varying metasurfaces

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