Near‐Room‐Temperature Mid‐Infrared Quantum Well Photodetector

Hinds, Sean; Buchanan, M.; Dudek, R.; Haffouz, S.; Laframboise, S. R.; Wasilewski, Z. R.; Liu, H. C.

doi:10.1002/adma.201103372

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…We are able to calibrate our detector at room temperature using a black body emitting only hundreds of nW, orders of magnitude smaller than that required previously. To date, room temperature performance with values comparable to those that we report here has only been demonstrated in the 3-5 µm wavelength range, using quantum cascade detectors (QCDs) [24][25][26] and MCT standard detectors 27 .…”

Section: Takedownmentioning

confidence: 70%

Room-temperature nine-µm-wavelength photodetectors and GHz-frequency heterodyne receivers

Palaferri

Todorov

Bigioli

et al. 2018

Nature

231

188

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Room-temperature operation is essential for any optoelectronics technology that aims to provide low-cost, compact systems for widespread applications. A recent technological advance in this direction is bolometric detection for thermal imaging, which has achieved relatively high sensitivity and video rates (about 60 hertz) at room temperature. However, owing to thermally induced dark current, room-temperature operation is still a great challenge for semiconductor photodetectors targeting the wavelength band between 8 and 12 micrometres, and all relevant applications, such as imaging, environmental remote sensing and laser-based free-space communication, have been realized at low temperatures. For these devices, high sensitivity and high speed have never been compatible with high-temperature operation. Here we show that a long-wavelength (nine micrometres) infrared quantum-well photodetector fabricated from a metamaterial made of sub-wavelength metallic resonators exhibits strongly enhanced performance with respect to the state of the art up to room temperature. This occurs because the photonic collection area of each resonator is much larger than its electrical area, thus substantially reducing the dark current of the device. Furthermore, we show that our photonic architecture overcomes intrinsic limitations of the material, such as the drop of the electronic drift velocity with temperature, which constrains conventional geometries at cryogenic operation. Finally, the reduced physical area of the device and its increased responsivity allow us to take advantage of the intrinsic high-frequency response of the quantum detector at room temperature. By mixing the frequencies of two quantum-cascade lasers on the detector, which acts as a heterodyne receiver, we have measured a high-frequency signal, above four gigahertz (GHz). Therefore, these wide-band uncooled detectors could benefit technologies such as high-speed (gigabits per second) multichannel coherent data transfer and high-precision molecular spectroscopy.

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Section: Takedownmentioning

confidence: 70%

Room-temperature nine-µm-wavelength photodetectors and GHz-frequency heterodyne receivers

Palaferri

Todorov

Bigioli

et al. 2018

Nature

231

188

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“…The band diagram of a QCD can be seen in Figure 4. This further reduces the detectivity and responsivity of the device, but with the benefit of also dramatically reducing the dark current generated [5,129]. …”

Section: Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in Infrared Photodetectors Since 2000

Downs

Vandervelde

2013

Sensors

230

110

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The first decade of the 21st-century has seen a rapid development in infrared photodetector technology. At the end of the last millennium there were two dominant IR systems, InSb- and HgCdTe-based detectors, which were well developed and available in commercial systems. While these two systems saw improvements over the last twelve years, their change has not nearly been as marked as that of the quantum-based detectors (i.e., QWIPs, QDIPs, DWELL-IPs, and SLS-based photodetectors). In this paper, we review the progress made in all of these systems over the last decade plus, compare the relative merits of the systems as they stand now, and discuss where some of the leading research groups in these fields are going to take these technologies in the years to come.

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“…Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) provide dozens of milliwatts power over a wide wavelength range [58,59], and they can be combined with standard detectors to probe chemical detection [60,61]. Based on the development of QCLs, the new type of quantum cascade detectors (QCDs) with excellent performance have been proposed and studied in recent years [62], such as low noise photovoltaic operation mode QCDs [63], wide covering wavelengths QCDs [64,65,66], and high operating temperature QCDs [67,68,69].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metadevices with Potential Practical Applications

et al. 2019

Molecules

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Metamaterials are “new materials” with different superior physical properties, which have generated great interest and become popular in scientific research. Various designs and functional devices using metamaterials have formed a new academic world. The application concept of metamaterial is based on designing diverse physical structures that can break through the limitations of traditional optical materials and composites to achieve extraordinary material functions. Therefore, metadevices have been widely studied by the academic community recently. Using the properties of metamaterials, many functional metadevices have been well investigated and further optimized. In this article, different metamaterial structures with varying functions are reviewed, and their working mechanisms and applications are summarized, which are near-field energy transfer devices, metamaterial mirrors, metamaterial biosensors, and quantum-cascade detectors. The development of metamaterials indicates that new materials will become an important breakthrough point and building blocks for new research domains, and therefore they will trigger more practical and wide applications in the future.

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Near‐Room‐Temperature Mid‐Infrared Quantum Well Photodetector

Cited by 15 publications

References 15 publications

Room-temperature nine-µm-wavelength photodetectors and GHz-frequency heterodyne receivers

Room-temperature nine-µm-wavelength photodetectors and GHz-frequency heterodyne receivers

Progress in Infrared Photodetectors Since 2000

Metadevices with Potential Practical Applications

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