Neck Circumference, along with Other Anthropometric Indices, Has an Independent and Additional Contribution in Predicting Fatty Liver Disease

Huang, Bixia; Zhu, Ming-fan; Wu, Ting; Zhou, Jingya; Liu, Yan; Chen, Xiaolin; Zhou, Rui-fen; Wang, Lijun; Chen, Yuming; Zhu, Huilian

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0118071

Cited by 58 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Also, the cut-off values of FLI in our study were lower than the cut-off values proposed by Xiaolin and Motamed in China and Iran populations, respectively (11,20).…”

Section: U N C O R R E C T E D P R O O Fcontrasting

confidence: 94%

“…Also, in another study by Xiaolin Huang on 8626 Chinese adults, the AUC of FLI was 0.834 for predicting NAFLD (20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The prominent performance of FLI in projection of NAFLD is due to the fact that BMI, and specially, WC are strongly correlated with NAFLD severity (20,21); besides, GGT is the only independent predictor of fatty liver compared to other liver enzymes, such as ALT and AST (13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fatty Liver Index (FLI) in Predicting Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

et al. 2018

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Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered as the most common chronic liver disease, which can contribute to some clinical conditions varying from simple steatosis to hepatic cirrhosis. Consequently, the early diagnosis of NAFLD is vital. The present study aimed at investigating the ability of FLI (fatty liver index) in predicting NAFLD. Methods: A total of 212 individuals over the age of 18 years (103 males and 109 females) were recruited from those admitted to a gastrointestinal clinic in Mashhad, northeastern Iran. Anthropometric parameters were measured and blood samples were collected. Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis were identified by FibroScan. FLI from body mass index, waist circumference (WC), triglyceride, and gamma glutamyltransferase data were calculated. Logistic regression was applied to establish a relationship among FLI, hepatic steatosis, and fibrosis. The sensitivity and specificity of FLI and its optimal cut-off point were detected by receiver operating characteristic analysis.

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“…Also, the cut-off values of FLI in our study were lower than the cut-off values proposed by Xiaolin and Motamed in China and Iran populations, respectively (11,20).…”

Section: U N C O R R E C T E D P R O O Fcontrasting

confidence: 94%

“…Also, in another study by Xiaolin Huang on 8626 Chinese adults, the AUC of FLI was 0.834 for predicting NAFLD (20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Fatty Liver Index (FLI) in Predicting Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

et al. 2018

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“…We also found that β-carotene and SC/SR were inversely associ- ated with anthropometric indexes of obesity, such as neck circumference. In our previous studies, we found that neck circumference is an independent contribution in predicting NAFLD even the population with normal BMI, waist circumference, and waist/hip ratio [27]. Thus, these results indicate that subjects with lower concentration of β-carotene are more vulnerable to NAFLD if they had a higher neck circumference.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Low Levels of Serum β-Carotene and β-Carotene/Retinol Ratio Are Associated with Histological Severity in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients

et al. 2019

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β-Carotene has been reported to alleviate hepatic steatosis (SS), inflammation, and fibrosis in vivo and vitro studies. However, the clinical relevance of serum β-carotene and β-carotene-to-retinol (SC/SR) ratio with histological severity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients is unknown. This case-control study enrolled 24 control subjects and 62 NAFLD patients. Liver biopsies were collected and histological characteristics were assessed. Information with regard to demographic, anthropometric and dietary intake was assessed by face-to-face interviews with questionnaire. Serum β-carotene and retinol concentrations were determined by the HPLC method. Serum β-carotene and SC/SR levels in NAFLD patients were significantly lower than these in controls (0.23 ± 0.01 vs. 0.35 ± 0.04 μmol/L, 0.38 ± 0.03 vs. 0.84 ± 0.10). Compared with individuals without SS, both β-carotene and SC/SR levels were significantly decreased in those with moderate SS (0.34 ± 0.03 vs. 0.21 ± 0.02 μmol/L, 0.76 ± 0.09 vs. 0.37 ± 0.05). Subjects with mild inflammation had a significantly lower β-carotene and SC/SR levels than those without inflammation (0.23 ± 0.01 vs. 0.33 ± 0.04 μmol/L, 0.77 ± 0.09 vs. 0.38 ± 0.03). Serum SC/SR was significantly lower in patients with mild fibrosis than those without fibrosis (0.45 [0.27–0.83] vs. 0.34 [0.26–0.51]). According to the NAFLD Activity Scoring score, both β-carotene and SC/SR gradually decreased with disease progression from normal liver, simple SS to steatohepatitis borderline (p_trend ≤ 0.001). These results show that NAFLD patients have lower circulating β-carotene concentration and SC/SR ratio, which are associated with the histological severity of NAFLD.

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“…NC is an anthropometric measure of obesity which reflects fat deposition in the upper body. Association of NC with MS and its components, insulin resistance, fatty liver disease, sleep apnea and biomarkers of inflammation have been previously reported [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Interestingly, new studies have demonstrated an association between NC and indicators of atherosclerosis, as carotid intimalmedia thickness, but not coronary artery calcium [12].…”

Section: Commentarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Neck Circumference: An Easier Measure to Identify Excess Weight and Cardiovascular Risk?

Fonseca¹

2017

EMIJ

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CommentaryObesity is a complex and chronic disease, associated with several comorbidities and has achieved epidemic proportions worldwide. It's diagnose is easily achieved by the calculation of the body mass index (BMI) using a formula that divides body weight in kilograms by squared height in meters. However, the BMI does not differentiate excessive adipose tissue from lean body mass, nor subcutaneous from visceral fat. Meanwhile, numerous techniques to assess weight related parameters are available [1], from anthropometrics to sophisticated computer tomography and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, but none are at the same time precise, cheap and feasible for use in clinical practice.The metabolic syndrome (MS) has long been considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Several organizations have established different criteria to diagnose this condition, all of them using the waist circumference (WC) as a reflection of central obesity, associated with the development of both MS and CVD in the long term. However, the measurement of WC is not easy, particularly in some individuals with excess weight in the abdominal area and cut-off values for WC are object of debate. Other indices, such as waist-to-hip and waist-to-height ratio have been proposed, but are not currently adopted worldwide.Neck circumference (NC) measurement arises as an interesting tool to address the concerns mentioned before. NC is an anthropometric measure of obesity which reflects fat deposition in the upper body. Association of NC with MS and its components, insulin resistance, fatty liver disease, sleep apnea and biomarkers of inflammation have been previously reported [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Interestingly, new studies have demonstrated an association between NC and indicators of atherosclerosis, as carotid intimalmedia thickness, but not coronary artery calcium [12]. A recent study suggested that increased NC might even predict fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events [13].It seems clear that NC should be considered a novel marker for CVD. However, there is no universal cut-off for NC up to now. Large studies are needed to provide adequate cut-off values for different populations and ethnicities. Even though, it is my opinion that neck circumference assessment is both time-and cost-saving strategy to screen for individuals at excess weight from a public health perspective. So, yes, neck circumference is an easily obtained measurement of excess weight, cheap and feasible, which also identifies patients at higher cardiovascular risk.

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Neck Circumference, along with Other Anthropometric Indices, Has an Independent and Additional Contribution in Predicting Fatty Liver Disease

Cited by 58 publications

References 48 publications

Fatty Liver Index (FLI) in Predicting Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

Fatty Liver Index (FLI) in Predicting Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

Low Levels of Serum β-Carotene and β-Carotene/Retinol Ratio Are Associated with Histological Severity in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients

Neck Circumference: An Easier Measure to Identify Excess Weight and Cardiovascular Risk?

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