Necrotic Leaf Blotch of Golden Delicious—Glomerella Leaf Spot: A Resolution of Common Names

Sutton, T. B.; Sanhueza, Rosa Maria Valdebenito

doi:10.1094/pdis.1998.82.3.267

Cited by 34 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…ABLS resulted in symptoms similar to previously reported leaf spot diseases caused by different pathogens (Yoder and Biggs, 1998;Rosenberger, 2001;Sutton and Sanhueza, 1998). The present results are also parallel with previous reports that leaf blotch begins as a pale green area in the leaf that turns to brown (Jonkers, 1973; Table. 1).…”

Section: Pcr and Rt-pcr Analysissupporting

confidence: 92%

“…A similar disease as similar symptoms,having irregular, brown, necrotic areas between veins with no acervuli was reported (Sutton and Sanhueza, 1998; Table 1). According to Sutton and Sanhueza (1998), the disease has been given many common names, including Golden Delicious leaf blotch, necrotic leaf spot, physiological leaf spot, and necrotic leaf blotch. In our study, similar leaf spots were observed for the first time in 'Fuji' apple orchards in Korea.…”

Section: Cultural Isolation and Microscopic Observationsupporting

confidence: 68%

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Occurrence and Analysis of Apple Blotch-like Symptoms on Apple Leaves

Back¹,

Lee²,

Kang³

et al. 2015

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Apple blotch-like symptoms (ABLS) were observed on 'Fuji' apple leaves in Cheongsong, Gunwi and Yeongcheon apple orchards located in Gyeongbuk Province during 2010-2014. Characteristics of ABLS were yellowing, brown spots on leaves, and defoliation, similar to apple blotch diseased (ABD) leaves, which are infected with Marssonina coronaria. It is difficult to differentiate by eye between ABLS and ABD, which has led to misdiagnosis and overuse of fungicides. The present study was conducted to investigate the cause of ABLS using stereomicroscopy, culture isolation, cross-sectional analysis of leaves, and PCR. No acervuli were found on the surface of ABLS leaves and no growth was observed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates in culture. Furthermore, cross-sectional analysis revealed similar results, and mycelia were absent in ABLS leaves. By contrast, all these characteristics were present in ABD leaves. Furthermore, no fungi or viruses were detected in ABLS leaves by PCR, suggesting that the disease is not caused by these agents. These findings suggest that ABLS might be a physiological disorder in plants that is distinct from ABD.Additional key words: acervuli, apple blotch disease, 'Fuji' apple, M. coronaria, stereomicroscopy

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Section: Pcr and Rt-pcr Analysissupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Cultural Isolation and Microscopic Observationsupporting

confidence: 68%

Occurrence and Analysis of Apple Blotch-like Symptoms on Apple Leaves

Back¹,

Lee²,

Kang³

et al. 2015

HST

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“…The disease resulted in up to 70% of leaf defoliation of 'Gala' (Camilo and Denardi 2002). In addition, GLS damaged other important commercial cultivars in Brazil, such as 'Granny Smith' and 'Pink Lady' (Sutton and Sanhueza 1998). The same disease was also observed in the United States in 1998 (Gonz alez and Sutton 1999, Gonz alez 2003.…”

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confidence: 76%

Investigation and genetic mapping of a Glomerella leaf spot resistance locus in apple

et al. 2016

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Apple Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) is a severe fungal disease that damages apple leaves during the summer in China. Breeding new apple varieties that are resistant to the disease is considered the best way of controlling GLS. Fine mapping and tightly linked marker are critically essential for the preselection of resistant seedlings. In this study, a population of 207 F1 individuals derived from a cross between ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Fuji’ was used to construct a fine simple sequence repeat (SSR)‐based genetic linkage map. The position of Rgls, a locus responsible for resistance to GLS, was identified on apple linkage group (LG) 15 using SSR markers CH05g05 and CH01d08, which was adapted from a published set of 300 SSR markers that were developed using the bulked segregant analysis (BSA) method. These two SSR markers flanked the gene, and its recombination rate was 8.7% and 23.2%, respectively. A total of 276 newly developed SSR markers around the target region and designed from the genome apple assembly contig of LG15 were screened. Only nine of these were determined to be linked to the Rgls locus. Thus, a total of 11 SSR markers were in linkage with Rgls, and mapped at distances ranging from 0.5 to 33.8 cM. The closest marker to the Rgls locus was S0405127, which showed a genetic distance of approximately 0.5 cM. The first mapping of the gene Rgls was constructed, and the locations of the 11 effective primers in the ‘Golden Delicious’ apple genome sequence were anchored. This result facilitates better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the trait of resistance to GLS and could be used in improving the breeding efficiency of GLS‐resistant apple varieties.

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“…Gala (Taylor, 1971;Leite et al, 1988). Subsequently, other important commercial cultivars, Granny Smith and Pink Lady, were reported to be infected (Sutton and Sanhueza, 1998). In China, Gala, Qinguan, and Golden Delicious are highly susceptible to the disease (Wang et al, 2015a).…”

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confidence: 99%

Histological and ultrastructural characterization of the leaf infection events of Colletotrichum fructicola on Malus domestica ‘Gala’

et al. 2020

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Glomerella leaf spot (GLS), characterized by black necrotic spots and severe defoliation, is a destructive foliar disease of apple. Widely grown cultivars such as Gala and Golden Delicious are highly susceptible to GLS. Currently, the infection biology of the causal pathogen, Colletotrichum fructicola, on apple leaves is unclear. In the present study, the penetration and colonization processes of C. fructicola were characterized on apple (cv. Gala) leaves using light and transmission electron microscopy. C. fructicola conidia produced germ tubes 4 hours post‐inoculation (hpi) and appressoria at 8 hpi. In melanized appressoria, funnel‐shaped appressorial cones formed around the penetration pore. At 12 hpi, C. fructicola produced secondary conidia. After penetration, C. fructicola began to develop infection vesicles at 36 hpi. At 48 hpi, the primary hyphae of C. fructicola were produced from infection vesicles within host epidermal cells; the host epidermal cell plasma membrane remained intact, indicating a biotrophic association. Subsequently, secondary hyphae penetrated epidermal cells and destroyed cell components, initiating necrotrophic colonization. C. fructicola also produced biotrophic subcuticular infection vesicles and hyphae. Together, these results demonstrate that C. fructicola forms special infection structures and colonizes apple leaves in a hemibiotrophic manner, involving intracellular as well as subcuticular colonization strategies. Detailed characterization of the infection process of C. fructicola on apple leaves will assist in the development of disease management strategies and provide a foundation for studies of the molecular mechanism of the C. fructicola–apple leaf interaction.

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Necrotic Leaf Blotch of Golden Delicious—Glomerella Leaf Spot: A Resolution of Common Names

Cited by 34 publications

References 5 publications

Occurrence and Analysis of Apple Blotch-like Symptoms on Apple Leaves

Occurrence and Analysis of Apple Blotch-like Symptoms on Apple Leaves

Investigation and genetic mapping of a Glomerella leaf spot resistance locus in apple

Histological and ultrastructural characterization of the leaf infection events of Colletotrichum fructicola on Malus domestica ‘Gala’

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