Necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants

Mizrahi, Abraham; Barlow, O. W.; Berdon, Walter E.; Blanc, William A.; Silverman, William A.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(65)80003-8

Cited by 203 publications

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“…(25) in an elegant study demonstrated in a rat model that Klebsiella-induced necrotizing enterocolitis could be prevented by feeding rat colostral macrophages but not by feeding the soluble colostral factors. Similar experiments have not been performed in human neonates but epidemiologic studies have suggested that necrotizing enterocolitis is less common among infants fed with untreated breast milk (20,33). There seem little doubt that there is a defmite biologic significance in the living functional phagocytes of the human colostrum, however further studies are needed to clarify the magnitude and importance of their contribution to the infants host defence mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody Dependent Cytotoxicity of Human Colostrum Phagocytes

et al. 1982

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Summaryhave given contradicting results. Robinson et al. (30) found macrophages and neutrophils to phagocytose and kill Staph aureus MOnOc~tes and ~~~~~o~~~o~u c~~a~ neutro~hils of human ~010s-and E, co[i in vi[ro very efficiently after opsonization by the trum were identified using cytochemical staining procedures. The aqueous phase of milk. On the other hand Ho and Lawton (12) cO1Ostral phagocytes in antibody dependent found good phagocytic power of colostral cells but poor killing cellular cytotoxicity was found to be satisfactory at high effector/ activity of E, coli, target cells ratio (20:l) Colostral monocytes showed a diminishedThe aim of the present work was to further study the function cytotoxicity when 'Ompared mOnOcytes of Or of colostral phagocytes (monocytes and polymorphonuclear neuperipheral blood at low effector/target cells ratio (1:l). This could trophils). We tested their ability to elicit antibody-dependent be due to the extensive fat ingestion by these Or other cellular cytotoxicity i.e., their ability to kill anitbody-coated target inhibitory factors found in colostrum.cells in vitro.We also tested the ability of peripheral blood monocytes who Speculation had phagocytosed lipid to elicit antibody-dependent cytotoxicity.The demonstration of antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity of colostral phagocytes gives further support to the biological MATERIALS AND METHODS importance of the cellular components of human milk.Collection of colostrum. Colostrum was obtained from 16 women within the first 5 days following delivery. Mothers manually There is now growing information documenting that human expressed their milk into sterile plastic containers. The samples breast milk is superior to cow's milk in minimizing both the were brought to the laboratory within one hour of collection. morbidity and mortality of infants (3,4,29,35). The immunologic Preparation of colostal cells. Because of the high fat content of factors in human milk that offer resistance against infection to the colostrum, the usual procedures for identification of the white neonates are summarized in several review articles (26,28,34). In cells in the peripheral blood could not be applied. Consequently contrast the functions of the cellular components of human milk alternate methods were devised. Samples were centrifused at 200 have received relatively little attention till recently. The white cells x g for 25 min. During centrifugation the milk separated into of human colostrum were first observed in 1839 by Alexander three layers: a cell pellet, middle layer and fat layer. The cell pellet Donne (6). These cells were rediscovered in 1966 by Smith work-was washed twice in Eagle's basal medium (BME) and resusing in Goldman's laboratory (31). They were found to be present pended in the same medium plus 10% foetal calf serum (FCS) at concentrations of 0.5-10 million cells/ml in colostrum and Subsequently the cells were counted in a haemocytometer. The comprise 30-85% macrophages, 1-80% polymorphonuclears and viability of cells...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody Dependent Cytotoxicity of Human Colostrum Phagocytes

et al. 1982

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“…1 The financial impact of NEC is significant, with an estimated annual cost of up to $1 billion in the United States alone. 2,3 While NEC has been recognized as a disease of premature infants for over 4 decades, 4 understanding of its pathophysiology is still incomplete. A major reason behind this gap in understanding is that what we as clinicians diagnose as NEC is not clearly defined, and it is very likely a common final pathway as opposed to a singular disease process.…”

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“…5 NEC was first described in the 1950s and 60s. 4,6,7 Initially, NEC was considered to be a syndrome of vomiting, abdominal distention, gastrointestinal bleeding and shock due to ulcerations in the gastrointestinal tract, particularly the terminal ileum. 4 At the time, the disease occurred mainly in infants born less than 1500 g and who were doing well and tolerating feedings, and most infants with NEC died.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…4,6,7 Initially, NEC was considered to be a syndrome of vomiting, abdominal distention, gastrointestinal bleeding and shock due to ulcerations in the gastrointestinal tract, particularly the terminal ileum. 4 At the time, the disease occurred mainly in infants born less than 1500 g and who were doing well and tolerating feedings, and most infants with NEC died. 4 By the late 1970s, researchers had classified NEC through Bell's staging, grouping infants by severity; 8 however, NEC continued to be considered a singular disease.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…4 At the time, the disease occurred mainly in infants born less than 1500 g and who were doing well and tolerating feedings, and most infants with NEC died. 4 By the late 1970s, researchers had classified NEC through Bell's staging, grouping infants by severity; 8 however, NEC continued to be considered a singular disease. In the 1980s, neonatology experienced major advances that allowed survival of more premature infants.…”

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