“…The spectrum of O 1s (Fig. 6e) showed that before the adsorption reaction, the peak of O 1s in the Mg/Fe biochar could be decomposed into the peaks with binding energy of 529.8, 531.0 and 532.1 eV, which were attributed to M-O (M = Mg or Fe), -OH, and bound H 2 O (Kong et al, 2020). After the adsorption reaction, the ratio of M-O bond decreased from 35.2% to 26.5%, while the ratio of -OH increased from 26.9% to 35.7%.…”