Negative and positive contributions of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal taxa to wheat production and nutrient uptake efficiency in organic and conventional systems in the Canadian prairie

Mei, Dai; Hamel, Chantal; Bainard, Luke D.; Arnaud, Marc St.; Grant, C. A.; Lupwayi, Newton Z.; Malhi, S. S.; Lemke, R.

doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.03.016

Cited by 78 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Mycorrhizal-mediated growth reduction has been reported in wheat (Graham and Abbott 2000;Dai et al 2014;Ryan and Angus 2003;Ryan and Kirkegaard 2012;Ryan et al 2005) and has been attributed to a reduction in the carbon stores of the host plants, which are unable to adjust their carbon assimilation rate to accommodate the AMF (Koide and Elliott 1989). Differences in the extent of AMF development have been found in four spring wheat cultivars (Xavier 1998), suggesting that the wheat cultivars not only varied in their responsiveness to AMF colonization but also in their ability to exploit soil resources.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other methods for the production of indigenous mycorrhizal inoculants on the farm have been reported (Douds Jr. et al 2010). The extent of their impact on crop yield and the economics of farming is still under debate, particularly in the case of wheat (Dai et al 2014;Ryan and Angus 2003;Ryan and Kirkegaard 2012;Ryan et al 2005;Rodriguez and Sanders 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of a large dataset of mycorrhiza inoculation field trials on potato shows highly significant increases in yield

2015

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An increasing human population requires more food production in nutrient-efficient systems in order to simultaneously meet global food needs while reducing the environmental footprint of agriculture. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have the potential to enhance crop yield, but their efficiency has yet to be demonstrated in large-scale crop production systems. This study reports an analysis of a dataset consisting of 231 field trials in which the same AMF inoculant (Rhizophagus irregularis DAOM 197198) was applied to potato over a 4-year period in North America and Europe under authentic field conditions. The inoculation was performed using a liquid suspension of AMF spores that was sprayed onto potato seed pieces, yielding a calculated 71 spores per seed piece. Statistical analysis showed a highly significant increase in marketable potato yield (ANOVA, P < 0.0001) for inoculated fields (42.2 tons/ha) compared with non-inoculated controls (38.3 tons/ha), irrespective of trial year. The average yield increase was 3.9 tons/ha, representing 9.5 % of total crop yield. Inoculation was profitable with a 0.67-tons/ha increase in yield, a threshold reached in almost 79 % of all trials. This finding clearly demonstrates the benefits of mycorrhizal-based inoculation on crop yield, using potato as a case study. Further improvements of these beneficial inoculants will help compensate for crop production deficits, both now and in the future.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of a large dataset of mycorrhiza inoculation field trials on potato shows highly significant increases in yield

2015

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“…We found a positive relationship between the relative abundance of Paraglomus and Rhizophagus and plant productivity. However, a negative relationship found between the abundance of Glomus and chickpea biomass suggests that AM fungal species are not equal mutualists; thus, they are not always beneficial to plants (59).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Genotype-Specific Variation in the Structure of Root Fungal Communities Is Related to Chickpea Plant Productivity

Bazghaleh

Hamel

Gan

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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cIncreasing evidence supports the existence of variations in the association of plant roots with symbiotic fungi that can improve plant growth and inhibit pathogens. However, it is unclear whether intraspecific variations in the symbiosis exist among plant cultivars and if they can be used to improve crop productivity. In this study, we determined genotype-specific variations in the association of chickpea roots with soil fungal communities and evaluated the effect of root mycota on crop productivity. A 2-year field experiment was conducted in southwestern Saskatchewan, the central zone of the chickpea growing region of the Canadian prairie. The effects of 13 cultivars of chickpea, comprising a wide range of phenotypes and genotypes, were tested on the structure of root-associated fungal communities based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 18S rRNA gene markers using 454 amplicon pyrosequencing. Chickpea cultivar significantly influenced the structure of the root fungal community. The magnitude of the effect varied with the genotypes evaluated, and effects were consistent across years. For example, the roots of CDC Corrine, CDC Cory, and CDC Anna hosted the highest fungal diversity and CDC Alma and CDC Xena the lowest. Fusarium sp. was dominant in chickpea roots but was less abundant in CDC Corrine than the other cultivars. A bioassay showed that certain of these fungal taxa, including Fusarium species, can reduce the productivity of chickpea, whereas Trichoderma harzianum can increase chickpea productivity. The large variation in the profile of chickpea root mycota, which included growth-promoting and -inhibiting species, supports the possibility of improving the productivity of chickpea by improving its root mycota in chickpea genetic improvement programs using traditional breeding techniques.T he root microbiome has been referred to as "the second genome of the plant" due to its crucial impact on plant growth and health (1). Fungi comprise a diverse group of soil microbiota that contribute to plant nutrition, resilience to abiotic stress, and the development or suppression of disease, and they carry out ecological services for the cycling of nutrients through the decomposition of organic materials (2, 3). The association of roots with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and other beneficial fungal endophytes can improve plant health, nutrition, and tolerance to abiotic stress (4-6), whereas fungal pathogens can cause a variety of diseases and reduce the efficiency of crop production (7).Root diseases present important challenges for crop production. The application of fungicides is recommended to control soilborne pathogens in field crops (8); however, this practice is limited to seed treatments due to difficulties in application, increased crop production cost, and impacts on soil ecosystem sustainability. Moreover, fungicides have nontarget effects on beneficial microorganisms (9) and can exacerbate the incidence of disease by reducing soil microbial diversity (10). Hence, the creation of soil condition...

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“…This effect has been observed in a long-term organic-conventional comparison study in Manitoba, where flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) grain P concentration was higher in organic production systems that had lower plant-available P and higher levels of mycorrhizal colonization than in conventional production systems that had higher soil P and lower levels of mycorrhizal colonization (Entz et al 2004;Welsh 2007;Welsh et al 2009). Others have observed net negative impacts of mycorrhizal colonization on organic wheat yield due to excessive C demand by the mycorrhizal fungi on the crop (Dai et al 2014). Based on a review of Australian literature, Ryan and Kirkegaard (2012) indicate that crop production practices to enhance mycorrhizal colonization are not generally effective in Australia, but may be worth exploring in regions such as Canada, where more mycorrhizal crops are grown.…”

Section: Soil Biological Fertilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Redesigning Canadian prairie cropping systems for profitability, sustainability, and resilience

2015

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Thiessen Martens, J. R., Entz, M. H. and Wonneck, M. D. 2015. Review: Redesigning Canadian prairie cropping systems for profitability, sustainability, and resilience. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 1049Á1072. Redesign of agricultural systems according to ecological principles has been proposed for the development of sustainable systems. We review a wide variety of ecologically based crop production practices, including crop varieties and genetic diversity, crop selection and rotation, cover crops, annual polyculture, perennial forages, perennial grains, agroforestry systems, reducing tillage, use of animal manures and green manures, soil biological fertility, organic production systems, integrated cropÁlivestock systems, and purposeful design of farm landscapes (farmscaping), and discuss their potential role in enhancing the profitability, environmental sustainability, and resilience of Canadian prairie cropping systems. Farming systems that most closely mimic natural systems through appropriate integration of diverse components, within a context of supportive social and economic structures, appear to offer the greatest potential benefits, while creating a framework in which to place all other farming practices. Our understanding of ecological relationships within agricultural systems is currently lacking, and a major shift in research, education, and policy will be required to purposefully and proactively redesign Canadian prairie agricultural systems for long-term sustainability.

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Negative and positive contributions of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal taxa to wheat production and nutrient uptake efficiency in organic and conventional systems in the Canadian prairie

Cited by 78 publications

References 57 publications

Analysis of a large dataset of mycorrhiza inoculation field trials on potato shows highly significant increases in yield

Analysis of a large dataset of mycorrhiza inoculation field trials on potato shows highly significant increases in yield

Genotype-Specific Variation in the Structure of Root Fungal Communities Is Related to Chickpea Plant Productivity

Review: Redesigning Canadian prairie cropping systems for profitability, sustainability, and resilience

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