Negative cortical DC shifts preceding and accompanying simultaneous and sequential finger movements

Lang, Wilfried; Lang, Michael; Uhl, F.; Koska, C.; Kornhuber, A.; Deecke, Lüder

doi:10.1007/bf00248750

Cited by 116 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Studies on cortical DC shifts revealed that the amplitudes of potentials in the medial frontal cortex were larger when motor tasks involved (1) sequential movements, (2) memorized motor sequence, and (3) bimanual coordination [4,11]. Subsequent studies [28,34,36] extended these observations further. Of particular interest is the finding [35] that a large DC potential shifts were recorded when subjects were tapping different rhythms bimanually.…”

Section: Sma Neurons In Organizing Temporal Sequences Of Multiple Movmentioning

confidence: 88%

Comparison of neuronal activity in the supplementary motor area and primary motor cortex

Tanji

Mushiake

1996

Cognitive Brain Research

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Neuronal activity in the supplementary motor area (SMA) and primary motor cortex (MI) have been compared in many experiments during performance of many different motor tasks. On one hand, the activity in both areas may appear similar, especially when the motor task is simple. On the other hand, if the motor tasks are more demanding, neuronal activity in the SMA exhibits a variety of complex relationship to many different aspects of motor behavior, while the activity in MI is mostly related to execution of motor task itself. Of particular interest is the neuronal activity in the SMA during preparation and execution of motor tasks when no external cues for the retrieval of appropriate motor act is available. Temporal sequencing of multiple movements is a typical example of the kind of motor task that requires profound activity in the SMA.Keywords: Supplementary motor area (SMA); Primary motor cortex (MI); Pre-SMA; Motor preparation; Motor sequence; Subhuman primate New concepts of motor areas in the medial frontal cortexUntil recently, only one motor representation area was known to exist in the medial part of the frontal lobe, as described in classical reports [55,80]. However, it is now proposed that at least four somatomotor fields and one oculomotor field exist in the medial frontal cortex. [65]. Traditionally, the supplementary motor area (SMA) has been defined as a single motor area in the frontal agranular cortex, corresponding to medial part of Brodmann's area 6. However, some indications for possible existence of heterogeneity in this region has been obtained [2,15,25,42]. On the basis of cytoarchitectonic analysis combined with cytochrome oxidase histochemistry and detailed ICMS studies, Rizzolatti and coworkers proposed a view that two motor areas exist in the region of the cortex traditionally defined as the SMA [41,44]. They termed the rostral and caudal areas as F6 and F3, largely corresponding to 6ab and 6aa of Vogts [78]. They also reported the existence of neuronal activity characteristic in mesial 6ab, namely, the activity during arm reaching-grasping movements [57]. Systematic attempts were made in our laboratory to determine whether it is possible to define two different areas unequivocally by a battery of physiological tests [45]. By implanting electrodes into the forelimb area of the MI, we found that field and unitary responses to electrical stimulation were distinct in the caudal part of mesial area 6, but not in the rostral part. The caudal part was distinctly more microexcitable by the ICMS than the rostral part. Neuronal responses to visual stimuli prevailed in the rostral part, but somatosensory responses were rare. The opposite was true in the caudal part [24,79]. Furthermore, single-unit activity during performance of a trained motor task was quantitatively analyzed and compared in the same individuals. Phasic responses to visual cue signals indicating the direction of forthcoming arm-reaching movement were more abundant in the rostral part. Neuronal activity changes during th...

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Section: Sma Neurons In Organizing Temporal Sequences Of Multiple Movmentioning

confidence: 88%

Comparison of neuronal activity in the supplementary motor area and primary motor cortex

Tanji

Mushiake

1996

Cognitive Brain Research

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“…The bereitschaftspotential (BP) or motor readiness potential is a negative-going deflection in the EEG centered around the dorsal motor and mediodorsal areas before a motor response. It is believed to reflect the preparatory set and intention to act (Lang et al, 1988). This potential can begin up to a second or more before a self-paced act.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medial Frontal Cortex in Action Monitoring

2000

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Effective behavior requires continuous action monitoring. Electrophysiological studies in both monkeys and humans have shown activity in the medial frontal cortex that reflects dynamic control and monitoring of behavioral acts. In humans, the centromedial frontal cortex shows an electrical response within 100 msec of an error, the error-related negativity (ERN). The ERN occurs only when subjects are aware of making an error, suggesting that a critical factor may be self-monitoring of the action process. In the present study, we examined late responses in a deadline reaction time task, in which the subject becomes increasingly aware of making an error as the response becomes increasingly late. We found evidence of response conflict before errors defined by late responses but not before errors defined by incorrect responses. The results also show a linear increase in the amplitude of the ERN with increasingly late responses. These data suggest that frontal networks provide dynamic representations that monitor and evaluate the unfolding action plan.

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“…The specific ERP feature that we use is the lateralized BP. Neurophysiologically, the BP is well investigated and described [5], [6]. New questions that arise in this context are 1) is the BP observable also in fast motor sequences, and 2) can the lateralization be discriminated on a single-trial basis?…”

Section: B Prediction Of Laterality In Fast Self-paced Motor Commandsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Boosting bit rates and error detection for the classification of fast-paced motor commands based on single-trial EEG analysis

Blankertz

Dornhege

Schäfer

et al. 2003

IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng.

182

147

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Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) involve two coupled adapting systems--the human subject and the computer. In developing our BCI, our goal was to minimize the need for subject training and to impose the major learning load on the computer. To this end, we use behavioral paradigms that exploit single-trial EEG potentials preceding voluntary finger movements. Here, we report recent results on the basic physiology of such premovement event-related potentials (ERP). 1) We predict the laterality of imminent left- versus right-hand finger movements in a natural keyboard typing condition and demonstrate that a single-trial classification based on the lateralized Bereitschaftspotential (BP) achieves good accuracies even at a pace as fast as 2 taps/s. Results for four out of eight subjects reached a peak information transfer rate of more than 15 b/min; the four other subjects reached 6-10 b/min. 2) We detect cerebral error potentials from single false-response trials in a forced-choice task, reflecting the subject's recognition of an erroneous response. Based on a specifically tailored classification procedure that limits the rate of false positives at, e.g., 2%, the algorithm manages to detect 85% of error trials in seven out of eight subjects. Thus, concatenating a primary single-trial BP-paradigm involving finger classification feedback with such secondary error detection could serve as an efficient online confirmation/correction tool for improvement of bit rates in a future BCI setting. As the present variant of the Berlin BCI is designed to achieve fast classifications in normally behaving subjects, it opens a new perspective for assistance of action control in time-critical behavioral contexts; the potential transfer to paralyzed patients will require further study.

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Negative cortical DC shifts preceding and accompanying simultaneous and sequential finger movements

Cited by 116 publications

References 37 publications

Comparison of neuronal activity in the supplementary motor area and primary motor cortex

Comparison of neuronal activity in the supplementary motor area and primary motor cortex

Medial Frontal Cortex in Action Monitoring

Boosting bit rates and error detection for the classification of fast-paced motor commands based on single-trial EEG analysis

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