Negative effects of the amino acids Lys, His, and Thr on S6K1 phosphorylation in mammary epithelial cells

Prizant, Rotem Ladovsky; Barash, Itamar

doi:10.1002/jcb.21904

Cited by 46 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The latter study demonstrated that synthesis of beta-lactoglobulin in bovine cells was associated with phosphorylation of 4EBP1 and S6K1 and that the major effect on protein synthesis of all AA or Leu was through mTOR. Media containing Leu increased milk protein synthesis, while Lys, His, Thr, or the combination of those AA decreased milk protein synthesis up to 65% via dephosphorylation of S6K1 [163]. Infusion of His and Met+Lys did not depress milk protein synthesis in bovine mammary tissue and Leu infusion only had a numerical increase in protein synthesis, but Leu and Met+Lys increased phosphorylation of S6K1 and RPS6 [164].…”

Section: How Insulin and Mtor Cross-talk Control Translation Of Milk mentioning

confidence: 88%

Milk Protein Synthesis in the Lactating Mammary Gland: Insights from Transcriptomics Analyses

Bionaz¹,

Hurley²,

Loor³

2012

Milk Protein

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Section: How Insulin and Mtor Cross-talk Control Translation Of Milk mentioning

confidence: 88%

Milk Protein Synthesis in the Lactating Mammary Gland: Insights from Transcriptomics Analyses

Bionaz¹,

Hurley²,

Loor³

2012

Milk Protein

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“…Phosphorylation of S6K1 correlates with increased protein synthesis. Prizant and Barash (2008) recently demonstrated that adding Lys, His and Thr decreased phosphorylation of S6K1 in cultures of L-1 cells of bovine mammary gland. Overall, it seems that the availability of AA to the mammary gland and milk protein synthesis is tightly regulated locally and systemically, which may make it difficult to identify potential key regulatory steps susceptible to modification to increase milk protein yield.…”

Section: Factors Affecting the Efficiency Of N Utilization In The Mammentioning

confidence: 98%

Strategies for optimizing nitrogen use by ruminants

Calsamiglia

Ferret

Reynolds

et al. 2010

Animal

260

165

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The efficiency of N utilization in ruminants is typically low (around 25%) and highly variable (10% to 40%) compared with the higher efficiency of other production animals. The low efficiency has implications for the production performance and environment. Many efforts have been devoted to improving the efficiency of N utilization in ruminants, and while major improvements in our understanding of N requirements and metabolism have been achieved, the overall efficiency remains low. In general, maximal efficiency of N utilization will only occur at the expense of some losses in production performance. However, optimal production and N utilization may be achieved through the understanding of the key mechanisms involved in the control of N metabolism. Key factors in the rumen include the efficiency of N capture in the rumen (grams of bacterial N per grams of rumen available N) and the modification of protein degradation. Traditionally, protein degradation has been modulated by modifying the feed (physical and chemical treatments). Modifying the rumen microflora involved in peptide degradation and amino acid deamination offers an alternative approach that needs to be addressed. Current evidence indicates that in typical feeding conditions there is limited net recycling of N into the rumen (blood urea-N uptake minus ammonia-N absorption), but understanding the factors controlling urea transport across the rumen wall may reverse the balance to take advantage of the recycling capabilities of ruminants. Finally, there is considerable metabolism of amino acids (AA) in the portal-drained viscera (PDV) and liver. However, most of this process occurs through the uptake of AA from the arterial blood and not during the 'absorptive' process. Therefore, AA are available to the peripheral circulation and to the mammary gland before being used by PDV and the liver. In these conditions, the mammary gland plays a key role in determining the efficiency of N utilization because the PDV and liver will use AA in excess of those required by the mammary gland. Protein synthesis in the mammary gland appears to be tightly regulated by local and systemic signals. The understanding of factors regulating AA supply and absorption in the mammary gland, and the synthesis of milk protein should allow the formulation of diets that increase total AA uptake by the mammary gland and thus reduce AA utilization by PDV and the liver. A better understanding of these key processes should allow the development of strategies to improve the efficiency of N utilization in ruminants. Keywords: ruminant, nitrogen efficiency ImplicationsRuminants have a low efficiency of N utilization compared with non-ruminants. This low efficiency has implications not only for production performance and economic efficiency but also for the emission of contaminants to the environment. The efficiency of N utilization can be improved through the understanding and modification of factors regulating the efficiency of N utilization in key processes, including N capture in the rumen, ...

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“…heat, reduction) (Treweek, 2012). Prizant and Barash (2008) documented that the AAs Lys, His and Thr negatively affect S6K1 phosphorylation in bovine mammary epithelial cells. The decreased α s2 -CN levels in cows fed SSBM may have resulted from the up-regulation of the availability of an essential AA, such as Lys, to stabilize the CN structure.…”

Section: Caseinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the processing methods of corn grain and soybean meal on milk protein expression profiles in dairy cows

Shen

Liu

2015

Animal

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A proteomic approach was used to investigate the effects of the processing method of corn grain and soybean meal on the milk protein expression profile in lactating dairy cows. A total of 12 multiparous Holstein dairy cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. The primary factors examined were corn (finely ground (FGC) v. steam-flaked (SFC)) and soybean meal (solvent-extracted (SSBM) v. heat-treated (HSBM)), which were used to formulate four diets with the same basal ingredient: 27% FGC and 9% SSBM; 27% SFC and 9% SSBM; 27% FGC and 9% HSBM; and 27% SFC and 9% HSBM. Each period lasted for 21 days. Milk samples were collected on days 18, 19 and 20 of each period. Changes in the milk proteins were assessed by two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis and ImageMaster 2D Platinum 6.0 software. A total of 13 spots displayed variations in protein spot abundance according to the statistical analysis. These spots were identified by a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization-time of flight/time of flight MS. According to the gels, the relative abundance of α s2 -casein (CN) fragments was higher in the cows fed the SFC-HSBM than that for SFC-SSBM, whereas β-CN, α-lactalbumin and zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein fragments were down-regulated in HSBM-fed cows. The relative decrease of β-CN expression was validated by western blot and agreed with the MS data. These results suggested that the method used to process soybean meal modified the synthesis and secretion of milk proteins in lactating dairy cows' mammary glands.

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Negative effects of the amino acids Lys, His, and Thr on S6K1 phosphorylation in mammary epithelial cells

Cited by 46 publications

References 51 publications

Milk Protein Synthesis in the Lactating Mammary Gland: Insights from Transcriptomics Analyses

Milk Protein Synthesis in the Lactating Mammary Gland: Insights from Transcriptomics Analyses

Strategies for optimizing nitrogen use by ruminants

Effects of the processing methods of corn grain and soybean meal on milk protein expression profiles in dairy cows

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