Negative impact of heat stress on reproduction  in cows: Animal husbandry and biotechnological viewpoints: A review

Bezdíček, Jiří; Nesvadbová, Andrea; Makarevich, Alexander V.; Kubovičová, Elena

doi:10.17221/44/2021-cjas

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…For instance, Vinet et al [8] found that this correlation was negative for production (i.e., a stronger decline for high-yielding cows) and positive for somatic cell score (i.e., sensitive cows are even more sensitive at high THI). For reproduction, fertility has also been predicted to decline with increasing THI, e.g., [1,9,10], which is consistent with in vitro tests (reviewed in [11,12]). Heat stress is known to adversely affect different stages of cattle reproduction, suppressing the dominance of the large follicle, impairing oocyte quality and embryo development, and increasing embryo mortality (reviewed in [12]).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Effect of temperature-humidity index on the evolution of trade-offs between fertility and production in dairy cattle

Vinet,

Mattalia,

Vallée

et al. 2024

Genet Sel Evol

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Background In the current context of climate change, livestock production faces many challenges to improve the sustainability of systems. Dairy farming, in particular, must find ways to select animals that will be able to achieve sufficient overall production while maintaining their reproductive ability in environments with increasing temperatures. With future forecasted climate conditions in mind, this study used data from Holstein and Montbeliarde dairy cattle to: (1) estimate the genetic-by-temperature-humidity index (THI) interactions for female fertility, and (2) evaluate the production-fertility trade-off with increasing values of THI. Results Two-trait random regression models were fitted for conception rate (fertility) and test-day protein yield (production). For fertility, genetic correlations between different THI values were generally above 0.75, suggesting weak genotype-by-THI interactions for conception rate in both breeds. However, the genetic correlations between the conception rate breeding values at the current average THI (THI = 50, corresponding to a 24-h average temperature of 8 °C at 50% relative humidity) and their slopes (i.e., potential reranking) for heat stress scenarios (THI > 70), were different for each breed. For Montbeliarde, this correlation tended to be positive (i.e., overall the best reproducers are less affected by heat stress), whereas for Holstein it was approximately zero. Finally, our results indicated a weak antagonism between production and fertility, although for Montbeliarde this antagonism intensified with increasing THI. Conclusions Within the range of weather conditions studied, increasing temperatures are not expected to exacerbate the fertility-production trade-off. However, our results indicated that the animals with the best breeding values for production today will be the most affected by temperature increases, both in terms of fertility and production. Nonetheless, these animals should remain among the most productive ones during heat waves. For Montbeliarde, the current selection program for fertility seems to be adequate for ensuring the adaptation of fertility traits to temperature increases, without adverse effects on production. Such a conclusion cannot be drawn for Holstein. In the future, the incorporation of a heat tolerance index into dairy cattle breeding programs would be valuable to promote the selection of animals adapted to future climate conditions.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Effect of temperature-humidity index on the evolution of trade-offs between fertility and production in dairy cattle

Vinet,

Mattalia,

Vallée

et al. 2024

Genet Sel Evol

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“…Finally, the health status was studied from different points of view such as heat stress, metabolic status, semen quality etc. (Bezdicek et al 2021; Pytlik et al 2022;Stadnik et al 2022). But beyond all doubt the first task is breeding for health.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term pedigree analysis: An effective tool for managing congenital malformations in cattle

Čítek¹,

Večerek²,

Šlosárková³

et al. 2022

Czech J. Anim. Sci.

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Controlling congenital defects is an important aspect of breeding for genetic health; however, whether malformations are caused by genetic or nongenetic factors may not be clear. This study aims to analyse the incidence of aplasia genitalis, atresia ani et recti and hernia cerebralis in the Czech cattle population, analyse the relatedness of affected calves by a relationship matrix, and assess the potential future threat. The sires fathering affected calves were born in the Czech Republic or imported from 1986 to 2001. The cases occurred on farms across the Czech Republic. The pedigree of each case was examined for common maternal and paternal ancestors (inbreeding loops) and for ancestors shared by other cases of the defect. The average relatedness coefficient of each individual was computed based on the relationship matrix. The results of the analysis of pedigrees and of the relationship matrix support the hereditary aetiology. The 13 calves affected by aplasia genitalis had common ancestors in 12 cases. The results indicate hereditary causation with recessive inheritance. In atresia ani et recti, some of the pedigrees of 25 affected calves support hereditary causation, and repeating ancestors were found for 11 calves. Our analysis of 11 hernia cerebralis cases also hints at the genetic background, but not as unequivocally as in other congenital defects studied. A high number of descendants fathered by sires of affected calves constitutes a risk for future. The relationship matrix and pedigree analysis could help in managing genetic health, although the final goal in terms of inherited defects must be the description of causal genes and mutations. Measures to control sires and dams with affected calves should be appropriate under the current knowledge, which include culling or prudent use of breeding with the monitoring of descendants.

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“…The opposite is the case in the summer months, when the days are longer and an increase in milk production is observed. Barash et al (2001) and Bezdicek et al (2021) reported an average increase of 1.2 kg in milk production for every extra hour of sunlight. They also observed a decrease in milk fat and protein in spring and an increase in autumn again.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of eating and rumination time on solids content in milk and milk yield performance of cows

Codl¹,

Ducháček²,

Vacek³

et al. 2023

Czech J. Anim. Sci.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of rumination time, eating time and season on milk yield and on milk component content in the context of milk recording. The experiment was carried out with two breeds -Czech Fleckvieh cattle and Holstein cattle -for one year. Vitalimetr 5P neck responders were used to monitor eating and rumination time. For statistical evaluation, the time of eating and rumination was divided into three groups according to the length of eating and ruminating, with each breed being categorised separately. The highest protein content, which was 3.6%, was calculated for the group with an average eating time. The fat content was highest for the group with a below-average eating time. On the other hand, the highest milk yield was statistically significantly (P < 0.01) higher in the group with the longest eating time. In terms of rumination, the trend was similar to that of the eating period. In the evaluation of the effect of rumination time, there was no difference in protein %, fat kg and fat % content. A significant (P < 0.05) increase of protein kg was observed with higher rumination time. Changes in milk yield and milk components also occurred throughout the year. During the winter months, the yield decreased, but there was an increase in milk constituent content. During the summer months, the reverse results were obtained. The findings of this study highlight the importance of evaluating eating and rumination time as a potential predictor of milk yield and milk solids content, which are important in milk monetization.

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Negative impact of heat stress on reproduction in cows: Animal husbandry and biotechnological viewpoints: A review

Cited by 10 publications

References 51 publications

Effect of temperature-humidity index on the evolution of trade-offs between fertility and production in dairy cattle

Effect of temperature-humidity index on the evolution of trade-offs between fertility and production in dairy cattle

Long-term pedigree analysis: An effective tool for managing congenital malformations in cattle

The influence of eating and rumination time on solids content in milk and milk yield performance of cows

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