Negative Index Metamaterial-Based Frequency-Reconfigurable Textile CPW Antenna for Microwave Imaging of Breast Cancer

Hossain, Kabir; Sabapathy, Thennarasan; Jusoh, M.; Lee, Shen-Han; Rahman, Khairul Shakir Ab; Kamarudin, Muhammad Ramlee

doi:10.3390/s22041626

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Meanwhile, a viscose-wool felt with a thickness of 3 mm, a dielectric constant of 1.44 and a loss tangent of 0.044 was employed as the substrate. Existing EM related works using this felt with Shiedlit Super TM have shown good performance where the simulated and measured results were approximately the same [ 4 , 9 , 18 ]. The felt consists of 70% wool and 30% viscose which forms a good composition of fibers with a density of 0.25 gm/CC.…”

Section: Flexible Polymer-based Meta-wearable Antenna Designmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Apart from antenna design, polymers are also widely used in applications such as energy harvesting [ 10 ], supercapacitor [ 11 , 12 , 13 ], tissue engineering [ 14 ], immunosensor [ 15 ] and gas sensor [ 16 ]. As for the on-body application, flexible wideband antennas based on polymer technology have been proposed for medical imaging systems [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combined RIS and EBG Surfaces Inspired Meta-Wearable Textile MIMO Antenna Using Viscose-Wool Felt

et al. 2022

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In this paper, we present a textile multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) antenna designed with a metamaterial inspired reactive impedance surface (RIS) and electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) using viscose-wool felt. Rectangular RIS was used as a reflector to improve the antenna gain and bandwidth to address well known crucial challenges—maintaining gain while reducing mutual coupling in MIMO antennas. The RIS unit cell was designed to achieve inductive impedance at the center frequency of 2.45 GHz with a reflection phase of 177.6°. The improved bandwidth of 170 MHz was achieved by using a square shaped RIS under a rectangular patch antenna, and this also helped to attain an additional gain of 1.29 dBi. When the antenna was implemented as MIMO, a split ring resonator backed by strip line type EBG was used to minimize the mutual coupling between the antenna elements. The EBG offered a sufficient band gap region from 2.37 GHz to 2.63 GHz. Prior to fabrication, bending analysis was carried out to validate the performance of the reflection coefficient (S11) and transmission coefficient (S21). The results of the analysis show that bending conditions have very little impact on antenna performance in terms of S-parameters. The effect of strip line supported SRR-based EBG was further analyzed with the fabricated prototype to clearly show the advantage of the designed EBG towards the mutual coupling reduction. The designed MIMO-RIS-EBG array-based antenna revealed an S21 reduction of −9.8 dB at 2.45 GHz frequency with overall S21 of <−40 dB. The results also indicated that the proposed SRR-EBG minimized the mutual coupling while keeping the mean effective gain (MEG) variations of <3 dB at the desired operating band. The specific absorption rate (SAR) analysis showed that the proposed design is not harmful to human body as the values are less than the regulated SAR. Overall, the findings in this study indicate the potential of the proposed MIMO antenna for microwave applications in a wearable format.

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Section: Flexible Polymer-based Meta-wearable Antenna Designmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined RIS and EBG Surfaces Inspired Meta-Wearable Textile MIMO Antenna Using Viscose-Wool Felt

et al. 2022

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“…Mammography via X-ray, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound are the most common methods physicians select to diagnose breast cancer [ 11 , 12 ]. Mammography is considered the only method for women with no early symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The basic principle of the MWI technique is to analyze and distinguish between changes in the backscattered signal and changes in the properties of different electrical properties of cells and tissues [ 6 , 12 , 13 ]. Microwave breast cancer screening techniques can easily distinguish between normal and cancerous cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Cost Antenna-Array-Based Metamaterials for Non-Invasive Early-Stage Breast Tumor Detection in the Human Body

Hamza

Abdulkarim²,

Saeed

et al. 2022

Biosensors

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Microstrip patch antennas have been used in many applications since their appearance. Despite their great promise, their narrow bandwidth and the loss at high-frequency bands have limited their usage in medical applications. This work proposes a developed low-cost microstrip patch antenna suitable for microwave imaging (MWI) applications within the wideband frequency range. The proposed antenna is loaded with an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) to improve the antenna performance. The simulated results obtained using computer simulation technology (CST) indicate that the presence of the AMC has improved the frequency selectivity of the antenna at 8.6 GHz with a peak realized gain of 9.90443 dBi and 10.61 dBi for simulated and measured results, respectively. The proposed microstrip antenna has been fabricated to validate the simulated results, and its performance is tested experimentally. Additionally, the fidelity factor of face-to-face (FtF) and side-by-side (SbS) scenarios have been presented. The breast phantom models with a tumor and the antenna operating as a transceiver have been numerically simulated for the application of cancer tumor cell detection. The work will have a significant impact on the design of electromagnetic biosensors.

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“…The antenna is the most important element of a microwave imaging system [ 2 ]. Many antennas have been designed for breast cancer detection, such as the horn antenna [ 3 ], CPW antenna [ 4 ], 3D antenna [ 5 ], microstrip antenna [ 6 ] and dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) [ 7 ]. Many researchers also add different types of metamaterials to improve the characteristics of the antennas for tumor detection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metamaterial Vivaldi Antenna Array for Breast Cancer Detection

Slimi

Jmai

Dinis

et al. 2022

Sensors

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The objective of this work is the design and validation of a directional Vivaldi antenna to detect tumor cells’ electromagnetic waves with a frequency of around 5 GHz. The proposed antenna is 33% smaller than a traditional Vivaldi antenna due to the use of metamaterials in its design. It has an excellent return loss of 25 dB at 5 GHz and adequate radiation characteristics as its gain is 6.2 dB at 5 GHz. The unit cell size of the proposed metamaterial is 0.058λ × 0.054λ at the operation frequency of 5 GHz. The proposed antenna was designed and optimized in CST microwave software, and the measured and simulated results were in good agreement. The experimental study demonstrates that an array composed with the presented antennas can detect the existence of tumors in a liquid breast phantom with positional accuracy through the analysis of the minimum amplitude of Sii.

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Negative Index Metamaterial-Based Frequency-Reconfigurable Textile CPW Antenna for Microwave Imaging of Breast Cancer

Cited by 27 publications

References 51 publications

Combined RIS and EBG Surfaces Inspired Meta-Wearable Textile MIMO Antenna Using Viscose-Wool Felt

Combined RIS and EBG Surfaces Inspired Meta-Wearable Textile MIMO Antenna Using Viscose-Wool Felt

Low-Cost Antenna-Array-Based Metamaterials for Non-Invasive Early-Stage Breast Tumor Detection in the Human Body

Metamaterial Vivaldi Antenna Array for Breast Cancer Detection

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