Negative role of malnutrition in cell-mediated immune response: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) in a severely malnourished, HIV-negative patient with anorexia nervosa

Hanachi, Mouna; Bohem, Vanessa; Bemer, P.; Kayser, N.; Truchis, Pierre de; Melchior, Jean‐Claude

doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.03.121

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In clinics, patients who present with immunodeficiency at the late stage of the disease report opportunistic infections (Hanachi et al., 2018). This suggests that the chronic state of the disease is not characterised by immunodeficiency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of gut‐specific non‐inflammatory T lymphocytes with chronic anorexia nervosa and constitutional thinness

Gabriel

Massoubre

Hanachi

et al. 2022

Euro Eating Disorders Rev

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Objective Previous studies of AN showed low‐grade inflammation. Are low‐grade inflammation and circulating lymphocytes associated with chronic conditions? Method Peripheric blood cytokines were measured using Luminex™ technology in a chronic AN cohort (mean = 67.42 months), compared to Constitutional Thinness (CT), Constitutional Obesity (CO), and Healthy Controls (HC). Secondarily a prospective cohort of chronic AN (mean = 54.11 months) was recruited to compare the functional lymphocyte profile in blood by flow cytometry to CT and HC. Results In the AN group, most cytokine concentrations were lower than in CT and HC groups. The IL‐23 (98.02 pg/ml) was elevated related to HC and CO, and the IL‐10 (4.178 pg/ml) was elevated versus CO. In the CT group, IL‐9 (0.06216 pg/ml) was elevated compared to AN. The AN group had high Treg (9.259% of CD4+) and CD8+Integrinβ7+ (9.552% of CD3+) versus HC for lymphocyte populations. In CT group, elevated Treg (9.7% of CD4+) elevated percentage of CD4+CCR9+ (5.867% of CD3+) and CD8+Integrinβ7+ (10.21% of CD3+) were found versus HC. Conclusions The chronic state of AN and CT is surprisingly non‐inflammatory with elevated Treg cells. These results suggest that maintaining a dysregulated response to intestinal antigens may contribute to maintaining AN.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of gut‐specific non‐inflammatory T lymphocytes with chronic anorexia nervosa and constitutional thinness

Gabriel

Massoubre

Hanachi

et al. 2022

Euro Eating Disorders Rev

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“…In models of Pneumocystis pneumonia, weight loss is rarely reported and appears to be a poor and irrelevant indicator of disease. Moreover, in human medicine, there are very few data on the importance of the initial weights of patients suffering from Pneumocystis pneumonia, with only a few cases reported in a context of nutritional deprivation [49,50]. In contrast, the choice of life stage of the animals may be an important element, especially considering that the immune system is not fully developed during the first weeks of life and strongly evolves throughout aging [51].…”

Section: Mean (Unitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumocystis Pneumonia: Pitfalls and Hindrances to Establishing a Reliable Animal Model

Chesnay

Paget

Heuzé-Vourc’h

et al. 2022

JoF

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Pneumocystis pneumonia is a severe lung infection that occurs primarily in largely immunocompromised patients. Few treatment options exist, and the mortality rate remains substantial. To develop new strategies in the fields of diagnosis and treatment, it appears to be critical to improve the scientific knowledge about the biology of the Pneumocystis agent and the course of the disease. In the absence of in vitro continuous culture system, in vivo animal studies represent a crucial cornerstone for addressing Pneumocystis pneumonia in laboratories. Here, we provide an overview of the animal models of Pneumocystis pneumonia that were reported in the literature over the last 60 years. Overall, this review highlights the great heterogeneity of the variables studied: the choice of the host species and its genetics, the different immunosuppressive regimens to render an animal susceptible, the experimental challenge, and the different validation methods of the model. With this work, the investigator will have the keys to choose pivotal experimental parameters and major technical features that are assumed to likely influence the results according to the question asked. As an example, we propose an animal model to explore the immune response during Pneumocystis pneumonia.

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“…6 Severe starvation and chronic malnutrition, as seen in anorexia nervosa, also are known to lead to immunosuppression. 7 Exposure to UV radiation has been shown to impair the function of antigen-presenting cells, cytokines, and suppressor T cells, and is classified as a Group 1 carcinogen by the World Health Organization. 3,8 Combining a compromised immune system in anorexia with DNA damage from frequent indoor tanning provides a dangerous milieu for carcinogenesis.…”

Section: Uv Radiation In the Setting Of Immune Compromisementioning

confidence: 99%

TANS Syndrome: Tanorexia, Anorexia, and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer

Abdali¹

2021

Cutis

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Negative role of malnutrition in cell-mediated immune response: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) in a severely malnourished, HIV-negative patient with anorexia nervosa

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Association of gut‐specific non‐inflammatory T lymphocytes with chronic anorexia nervosa and constitutional thinness

Association of gut‐specific non‐inflammatory T lymphocytes with chronic anorexia nervosa and constitutional thinness

Pneumocystis Pneumonia: Pitfalls and Hindrances to Establishing a Reliable Animal Model

TANS Syndrome: Tanorexia, Anorexia, and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer

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