Negative social reaction to strabismus in school children ages 8-12 years

Lukman, H; Kiat, John E.; Ganesan, Asha; Chua, Winnie; Khor, Kheng Leik; Choong, Yee Fong

doi:10.1016/j.jaapos.2011.01.158

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This nding is consistent with previous studies in Japan that have shown that children with IXT experience a surprising lack of teasing and bullying [10]. On the other hand, some previous studies have found that negative social bias and teasing are experienced by children with noticeable strabismus [13,14]. Exodeviations are much more common in the latent or intermittent form than in the manifest form in childhood IXT, and are less likely to impact their social function.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Quality of life in intermittent exotropia for Korean children and their patrents

Jung

Shin

2022

Preprint

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Background Patients with strabismus are more likely to have mental health problems, including high rates of depressive symptoms and social phobia. Intermittent exotropia (IXT) typically occurs in early childhood and is more common in Asian populations. We aim to assess the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) concerns in children with intermittent exotropia (IXT) using the Intermittent Exotropia Questionaire (IXTQ), and their associations with the clinical severity of IXT and the parents’ HRQOL concerns. Methods One hundred twenty-two children with IXT (aged 5–17 years) and one parent for each child completed the child and parent IXTQ, respectively. The final IXTQ score is calculated using the mean score for all items, and ranges from 0 (worst HRQOL) to 100 (best HRQOL). The correlations of child IXTQ scores with their deviation angle and stereoacuity were measured, as were those with their parent’s IXTQ scores. Results The greatest HRQOL concern for each child with IXT and their parent was “Worry about eyes.” Lower child IXTQ scores were associated with a larger deviation angle. “Shutting one eye when it is sunny” and “Waiting for their eyes to clear up” were more common in children with a larger deviation angle. The parent IXTQ scores were lower than the child ones and showed a positive correlation with child IXTQ scores. Lower parent IXTQ scores were associated with poor distance stereoacuity. Conclusion The HRQOL of IXT children was closely related to that of their parents. A larger deviation angle and worse distance stereoacuity function may predict more-negative impacts on children and their parents, respectively.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Quality of life in intermittent exotropia for Korean children and their patrents

Jung

Shin

2022

Preprint

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“…The relationships between the size and control of deviations with HRQOL are unsurprising as several previous studies also found that children with noticeable exotropia received negative social reactions from their peers [20][21][22][23] and were even subjected to negative social bias from their teachers, with a negative impact on their education and socialization [24]. Moreover, individuals with larger deviation and worse control in exotropia had more disturbances in visual performance, i.e., the size of exodeviation was associated with the binocular interaction, as well as the accommodative response during binocular vision in intermittent exotropia [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Health-related quality of life correlated with the clinical severity of intermittent exotropia in children

Wang

et al. 2019

Eye

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Object To evaluate whether the results of the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is associated with the various clinical aspects of intermittent exotropia in children. Methods The HRQOL of children and their parents was evaluated prospectively using the Intermittent Exotropia Questionnaire (IXTQ). The deviation angle, stereo function, sensory fusion, and strabismus control were measured. Results Two hundred and sixty six children with intermittent exotropia (aged 5-17 years) were included in the study. Child HRQOL was significantly correlated with clinical severity; lower IXTQ scores were associated with a larger deviation (p < 0.001 both for distance and near) and poorer Newcastle control scores (p < 0.001). Proxy child HRQOL was significantly correlated with the deviation (p < 0.001), Newcastle control scores (p < 0.001) and stereo function (p < 0.05). Parent HRQOL was associated with their child's deviation (p < 0.01) and stereo function (p < 0.005). Multiple linear regression analysis suggested that the deviation angle at distance and the Newcastle control score at home were associated with the child's HRQOL. Conclusion Both the child and their parents' HRQOL showed a trend toward correlating with clinical severity. Large deviation, poor control, and poor stereo function were significantly associated with lower IXTQ scores. The deviation angle at distance and exotropia control at home were associated with the child's HRQOL.

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“…In addition to reduced visual function, strabismus is associated with psychosocial problems impacting self‐image, interpersonal relationships, performance in school and employment . Children as young as 5 years display a reduced tendency to interact with peers with noticeable strabismus . Strabismus negatively impacts employment rates and thus economic status .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Strabismus genetics across a spectrum of eye misalignment disorders

Patel

Wasserman

2014

Clinical Genetics

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Eye misalignment, called strabismus, is amongst the most common phenotypes observed, occurring in up to 5% of individuals in a studied population. While misalignment is frequently observed in rare complex syndromes, the majority of strabismus cases are non-syndromic. Over the past decade, genes and pathways associated with syndromic forms of strabismus have emerged, but the genes contributing to non-syndromic strabismus remain elusive. Genetic testing for strabismus risk may allow for earlier diagnosis and treatment, as well as decreased frequency of surgery. We review human and model organism literature describing non-syndromic strabismus, including family, twin, linkage, and gene expression studies. Recent advances in the genetics of Duane retraction syndrome are considered, as relatives of those impacted show elevated familial rates of non-syndromic strabismus. As whole genome sequencing efforts are advancing for the discovery of the elusive strabismus genes, this overview is intended to support the interpretation of the new findings.

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Negative social reaction to strabismus in school children ages 8-12 years

Cited by 15 publications

References 23 publications

Quality of life in intermittent exotropia for Korean children and their patrents

Quality of life in intermittent exotropia for Korean children and their patrents

Health-related quality of life correlated with the clinical severity of intermittent exotropia in children

Strabismus genetics across a spectrum of eye misalignment disorders

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