Neighborhood Development Organizations and Neighborhood Disadvantage: Race, Resources, and Inequality in Chicago

Abstract

This article analyzes the relationship between neighborhood development organizations (NDOs) and neighborhood disadvantage in Chicago between 1990 and 2010. NDOs are often seen as interdependent partners with local and state governments in the co-production of social welfare, but not all have equally beneficial effects. Instead, NDOs are associated with lowering rates of disadvantage in majority non-Hispanic White neighborhoods, leaving other neighborhoods behind, especially predominately Black neighborhoods. Organizational resources and residential mobility help explain this inequality. NDOs in majority Black neighborhoods are less likely to have the organizational resources that enable NDOs to affect neighborhood disadvantage. When NDOs are associated with the lowering of neighborhood disadvantage, it is often in neighborhoods with preexisting advantage or high rates of residential mobility. As cities continue to rely on nonprofit organizations such as NDOs for neighborhood development, this research gives a clearer understanding of how this reliance may contribute to perpetuating racial inequalities.

Social capital and the nonprofit infrastructure; an ecological study of child maltreatment

“…Nonprofits also provide a place where community members meet and participate in civic life, creating and maintaining social networks (Marwell, 2004), facilitating political activity, and may emerge from activated networks (Sampson & Wilson, 2012;Young, 2006). Nonprofits may also enhance material conditions: reducing poverty, disadvantage, or inequality (Berrone et al, 2016;Crubaugh, 2020), which can enhance trust and goal alignment within communities.…”

“…Nonprofits also provide a place where community members meet and participate in civic life, creating and maintaining social networks (Marwell, 2004), facilitating political activity, and may emerge from activated networks (Sampson & Wilson, 2012; Young, 2006). Nonprofits may also enhance material conditions: reducing poverty, disadvantage, or inequality (Berrone et al, 2016; Crubaugh, 2020), which can enhance trust and goal alignment within communities. Regarding the effects of a strong organizational presence on resident relations, McQuarrie and Marwell (2009) argue that organizations “have an independent role in the production, reproduction, and arrangement of urban social relations, neighborhood conditions, and individual outcomes and identities” (p. 247).…”

The Effects of Exposure to Domestic Violence on Sleep Among Urban Adults

“…Although Chicago has a history of ethnic and racial minorities migrating to the city and having a strong presence in specific neighborhoods, the ethnic and racial makeup of the city is fluid and markedly different over time, and a longitudinal analysis might allow for capturing the complex nature of race, place, and health. 39,40 Future research may examine domestic violence or other forms of violence and how this affects sleep using longitudinal-perhaps national-datasets. A second limitation emerges from our use of self-reported measures.…”

Poverty at a distance: Supply and demand side factors and the formation of civil society organizations in Iraq

“…In total, 88 districts are included in the analysis. This district level approach is less common than the more dominant neighbourhood approach (inter alia Clifford, 2012; Crubaugh, 2021; Katz, 2014; Lee, 2017). Certainly, there are limitations to the district approach in that district level poverty rates do not allow for us to pinpoint CSO distributions in or near pockets of extreme poverty within individual districts.…”

“…Within this debate, a particular focus has been on the geographic concentration of CSOs and if these CSOs form in areas of high demand (with high levels of deprivation) or of high supply (in affluent areas where resources are more abundant) (Grønbjerg & Paarlberg, 2001; Joassart‐Marcelli & Wolch, 2003; Milligan & Fyfe, 2004). These studies examine the geographic distribution of CSOs in neighbourhoods and small areas (Bielefeld & Murdoch, 2004; Clifford, 2012; Crubaugh, 2021; Fyfe & Milligan, 2003; Garrow, 2014; Joassart‐Marcelli & Wolch, 2003; Katz, 2014; Peck, 2007), counties and districts (Brass, 2012; Grønbjerg & Paarlberg, 2001; Lu & Dong, 2018) and regions (Buckingham et al, 2012; Kandil, 2015). Our focus is on the district level, which has not been examined in the case of Iraq, and it provides a meso‐level analysis, which bridges neighbourhood and regional approaches (see Section 3 for details).…”