Neighborhood disadvantage, stressful life events and adjustments in urban elementary-school children

Attar, Beth K.; Guerra, Nancy G.; Tolan, Patrick H.

doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp2304_5

Cited by 559 publications

(451 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…We also examined other measures of iron status (Hgb, Hct, MCV), both individually and as a composite measure, where iron deficiency was assigned if ferritin, Hgb, Hct, or MCV was low (as defined above). Hgb, Hct, and MCV, all later signs of iron deficiency (13,44), were not consistently related to blood lead. The results for ferritin and the composite measure of iron status were consistently related to blood lead; of these, ferritin was the best predictor of blood lead.…”

Section: Selection Of Households and Participantsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The prevalence of elevated blood lead levels among minority, lowincome inner-city children remains several times the national average (10)(11)(12). These same children are also more likely than others to be iron deficient, a condition that affects up to 6% of young children nationally (13)(14)(15)(16), with insufficient iron intake in up to one-third of children in some communities (17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Iron Deficiency Associated with Higher Blood Lead in Children Living in Contaminated Environments

Bradman¹,

Eskenazi²,

Sutton³

et al. 2001

Environmental Health Perspectives

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Section: Selection Of Households and Participantsmentioning

confidence: 81%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron Deficiency Associated with Higher Blood Lead in Children Living in Contaminated Environments

Bradman¹,

Eskenazi²,

Sutton³

et al. 2001

Environmental Health Perspectives

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“…Exposure to Neighborhood Violence-Youth completed the 4-item neighborhood violence sub-scale of Attar (1994) Stressful Urban Life Events scale (see also Guerra et al 2003). Similar to the media exposure measures, youth responded to the neighborhood violence items with respect to childhood and recent exposure.…”

Section: Measures: Common Personal and Social-contextual Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Violent Media Preference in Cumulative Developmental Risk for Violence and General Aggression

Boxer

Huesmann

Bushman

et al. 2008

J Youth Adolescence

102

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The impact of exposure to violence in the media on the long-term development and short-term expression of aggressive behavior has been well documented. However, gaps in this literature remain, and in particular the role of violent media exposure in shaping violent and other serious antisocial behavior has not been investigated. Further, studies of violent media effects typically have not sampled from populations with confirmed histories of violent and/or nonviolent antisocial behavior. In this study, we analyzed data on 820 youth, including 390 juvenile delinquents and 430 high school students, to examine the relation of violent media use to involvement in violence and general aggression. Using criterion scores developed through crossinformant modeling of data from self, parent/guardian, and teacher/staff reports, we observed that childhood and adolescent violent media preferences contributed significantly to the prediction of violence and general aggression from cumulative risk totals. Findings represent a new and important direction for research on the role of violent media use in the broader matrix of risk factors for youth violence. KeywordsMedia; Violence; Delinquent; Aggression; Risk Correspondence to: Paul Boxer, pboxer@rutgers.edu. HHS Public Access Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author ManuscriptOn June 24, 2008, six teenagers from Long Island, NY, launched a two hour long crime spree in which they committed a violent mugging and several break-ins and thefts before finally being caught after a carjacking attempt (Crowley 2008). According to the authorities investigating the crimes, the teenagers had determined to replicate the actions of Niko Belic, the thuggish protagonist from the new video game "Grand Theft Auto IV." Although this particular event represents an extreme example of how violence in the media can promote violence in "real life," it is wholly consistent with the fact that for decades, exposure to violent media has been acknowledged as a risk factor for aggressive and violent behavior (Anderson et al. 2003; US Surgeon General 1972).Broadly speaking, antisocial behavior in adolescence is multiply determined, with risk factors at multiple levels spanning biological, psychological, and contextual influences (Dodge et al. 2006;Frick 2006;Hoge Guerra and Boxer 2008;Huesmann and Eron 1989). Theoretical models of the development of antisocial behavior have embraced this equifinality, acknowledging the numerous ways in which different loci of risk can interact to promote habitual antisocial responses (Dodge and Pettit 2003;Frick and Morris 2004;Guerra and Huesmann 2004). Contemporary strategies for the assessment of youths' violent and nonviolent antisocial behavior involve multiple methods and multiple informants to ensure that the full spectrum of risk is covered (Borum and Verhaagen 2006;McMahon and Frick 2005). Best practice approaches to the treatment of antisocial behavior require multicomponent interventions involving the interlocking personal and contextual s...

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Section: Nih-pa Author Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is unfortunate given that poverty is associated with detrimental effects on IQ, cognitive development, and child psychological adjustment, and these effects are likely exacerbated for children who live in impoverished neighborhoods (Attar et al 1994;McLoyd 1998). Children residing in disadvantaged neighborhoods are more likely to be exposed to physical and psychosocial stressors, witness violence, and experience maltreatment (Attar et al 1994;Evans and English 2002;McLoyd 1998;Wandersman and Nation 1998). Moreover, these neighborhoods are often characterized by high levels of crime, residential mobility, environmental stressors (e.g., noise, overcrowding), and delinquent peer groups; poor social cohesion; and low quality schools (Leventhal and Brooks-Gunn 2004;Sampson 1997;Wandersman and Nation 1998), each of which has been linked to physical and psychological adjustment, including psychophysiological factors (Evans and English 2002;Kliewer et al 2002;Wilson et al 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Affective Decision-Making and Externalizing Behaviors: The Role of Autonomic Activity

Bubier

Drabick

2008

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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We tested a conceptual model involving the inter-relations among affective decision-making (indexed by a gambling task), autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, and attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms in a largely impoverished, inner city sample of first through third grade children (N=63, 54% male). The present study hypothesized that impaired affective decision-making and decreased sympathetic and parasympathetic activation would be associated with higher levels of ADHD and ODD symptoms, and that low sympathetic and parasympathetic activation during an emotion-inducing task would mediate the relation between affective decision-making and child externalizing symptoms. In support of our model, disadvantageous decision-making on a gambling task was associated with ADHD hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms among boys, and attenuated sympathetic activation during an emotion-inducing task mediated this relation. Support for the model was not found among girls. KeywordsADHD; ODD; Psychophysiology; Decision-making Both attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which is characterized by problems with attention, hyper-activity, and impulsivity, and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), which is defined by a pattern of negativistic, hostile, and oppositional behaviors toward adults, are relatively common in childhood (American Psychiatric Association 2000), and are associated with numerous negative correlates and sequelae. These correlates include deficient social problem-solving skills and impaired social functioning (Frankel and Feinberg 2002;Matthys et al. 1999), poor academic achievement Rapport et al. 1999), and co-occurring internalizing disorders Jensen et al. 2001). In addition, ADHD and ODD are related prospectively to substance use, poor academic achievement, conduct disorder (CD), and antisocial behavior (Masten et al. 2005;van Bokhoven et al. 2005), though the association between ADHD and CD may be accounted for by co-occurring ODD (Lahey et al. 2002;van Lier et al. 2007).Despite some similar correlates and outcomes, research has shown significant differences among children with ADHD vs. ODD in terms of cognitive functioning and academic performance Keenan and Wakschlag 2000), prenatal/perinatal complications (Harvey et al. 2007 Drabick et al. 2004), and family psychiatric history Harvey et al. 2007). Similarly, the ADHD-predominantly inattentive (ADHD-I) and ADHDpredominantly hyperactive-impulsive (ADHD-H) subtypes differ in terms of correlates. For instance, the ADHD-I subtype is associated with higher levels of academic difficulties and internalizing problems, whereas the ADHD-H subtype is associated with social impairment, motor inhibition deficits, and externalizing symptoms (Eiraldi et al. 1997;Gadow et al. 2000Gadow et al. , 2004McBurnett et al. 1999;Nigg et al. 2002). Despite these differences, most studies compare ADHD-I and the combined subtype of ADHD (ADHD-I + ADHD-H), likely because of the relatively lower base rates of pu...

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Neighborhood disadvantage, stressful life events and adjustments in urban elementary-school children

Cited by 559 publications

References 20 publications

Iron Deficiency Associated with Higher Blood Lead in Children Living in Contaminated Environments

Iron Deficiency Associated with Higher Blood Lead in Children Living in Contaminated Environments

The Role of Violent Media Preference in Cumulative Developmental Risk for Violence and General Aggression

Affective Decision-Making and Externalizing Behaviors: The Role of Autonomic Activity

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