Neighborhood economic disadvantage, violent crime, group density, and pregnancy outcomes in a diverse, urban population

Masi, Christopher M.; Hawkley, Louise C.; Piotrowski, Z; Pickett, Kate E.

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.07.014

Cited by 161 publications

(170 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The low ICCs suggest that these scales are not adequately capturing neighborhood attributes. The reasons for the low ICCs for these three scales remain to be determined, but at least two of them (social cohesion and neighborhood participation) attempt to capture complex relationships among neighbors, which may have strong individual perceptual components resulting in low within-neighborhood correlations 6,24,41 . The social cohesion and neighborhood participation scales involve more subjective perceptions, including questions about social relationships and political participation, that are not traditionally "discussed" by the population in Belo Horizonte and consequently may be more difficult to measure reliably.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Psychometric and Ecometric Properties of Neighborhood Scales in Developing Countries: Saúde em Beagá Study, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, 2008–2009

et al. 2012

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Although specific measurement instruments are necessary to better understand the relationship between features of neighborhoods and health, very few studies have developed instruments to measure neighborhood features in developing countries. The objective of the study was to develop valid and reliable measures of neighborhood context useful in a Latin American urban context, assess their psychometric and ecometric properties, and examine individual and neighborhood-level predictors of these measures. We analyzed data from a multistage household survey (2008)(2009) conducted in Belo Horizonte City by the Observatory for Urban Health. One adult in each household was selected to answer a questionnaire that included scales to measure neighborhood domains. Census tracts were used to proxy neighborhoods. Internal consistency was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha, and multilevel models were used to estimate ecometric properties and to estimate associations of neighborhood measures with socioeconomic indicators. The final sample comprised 4048 survey respondents representing 149 census tracts. We assessed ten neighborhood environment dimensions: public services, aesthetic quality, walking environment, safety, violence, social cohesion, neighborhood participation, neighborhood physical disorder, neighborhood social disorder, and neighborhood problems. Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranged from 0.53 to 0.83; intraneighborhood correlations ranged from 0.02 to 0.53, and neighborhood reliability varied from 0.76 to 0.99. Most scales were associated with individual and neighborhood socioeconomic predictors. Questionnaires can be used to reliably measure neighborhood contexts in developing countries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Psychometric and Ecometric Properties of Neighborhood Scales in Developing Countries: Saúde em Beagá Study, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, 2008–2009

et al. 2012

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“…Our results overall do not support the positive findings from some previous studies that assessed preterm birth in relation to neighborhood deprivation as a summary variable among AfricanAmerican women in different geographic regions. [16][17][18][19] O'Campo et al 16 presented a summary odds ratio of 1.15 (95 % CI, 1.08, 1.23) for Non-Hispanic Black women comparing the highest versus lowest quintile of neighborhood deprivation using data from four states. The authors also examined effect estimates for Non-Hispanic Black women across eight study areas and reported that six of the eight area-specific odds ratios, ranging from 0.88 to 1.40, were not statistically significant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors also examined effect estimates for Non-Hispanic Black women across eight study areas and reported that six of the eight area-specific odds ratios, ranging from 0.88 to 1.40, were not statistically significant. The Masi study, 17 conducted in Illinois, reported an odds ratio for Black women of 1.04 (p G0.05), representing a 4 % increase in risk for a one unit increase in neighborhood economic disadvantage. The association lost significance after the addition of violent crime to one model and also after the addition of violent crime and racial group density to another model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7,8 Several studies have examined the association of neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics with preterm birth. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] All except one 14 found statistically significant associations with at least one neighborhood-level indicator after adjustment for individual-level factors. Although many studies have assessed neighborhood characteristics as single variables, [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] the complexities of neighborhood SES may be better captured by a summary variable comprised of multiple area-level factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…20 In four large studies based on vital statistic birth records, a summary variable of neighborhood deprivation was significantly associated with increased risk of preterm birth among women of various races/ethnicities. [16][17][18][19] Although all previous studies except for a Canadian report 15 included Black women, it is unclear whether the association between neighborhood deprivation and preterm birth is present for particular subgroups of Black women, such as well-educated women. It is possible that higher levels of personal educational attainment buffer adverse effects of neighborhood deprivation on birth outcomes in Black women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status in Relation to Preterm Birth in a U.S. Cohort of Black Women

et al. 2012

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This study examines the association between neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) and preterm birth among U.S. Black women. A composite variable for neighborhood SES, derived from 7 U.S. Census Bureau indicators, was assessed in relation to self-reported preterm birth (505 spontaneous and 452 medically indicated) among 6,390 women in the Black Women's Health Study who delivered singleton births during 1995-2003. The odds ratio (OR) for preterm birth, comparing the lowest (most deprived) to the highest (least deprived) quartiles of neighborhood SES, was 0.98 (95 % CI, 0.80, 1.20) after adjustment for individual-level characteristics. Low neighborhood SES was not associated with spontaneous or medically indicated preterm birth overall or within strata of maternal age, education, or geographic region. The only significant finding was higher odds of medically indicated preterm birth associated with low neighborhood SES among unmarried women. Low neighborhood SES was not materially associated with preterm birth in this study of U.S. Black women.

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Should Race Be Used as a Variable in Research on Preterm Birth?

Eichelberger

Alson

Doll³

2018

AMA Journal of Ethics

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Racial variations in preterm birth (PTB) outcomes are well described, but causal mechanisms linking race and PTB are not. In clinical research, race is typically treated as representing fixed biological traits. In reality, race is a social construct that approximates lived experiences of historical and ongoing systematic discrimination and, in the case of PTB, particular stressors of black womanhood and reproduction. These experiences are embodied as adverse multigenerational health outcomes. Race thus presents a dilemma for researchers. Conflating race with genetics enacts harm, but excluding the race variable produces irrelevant research. Instead, we must consider race in an ecosocial context. PTB is fertile ground for expanding research approaches to respect the history, reality, and implications of race in the United States.

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Neighborhood economic disadvantage, violent crime, group density, and pregnancy outcomes in a diverse, urban population

Cited by 161 publications

References 54 publications

Assessing the Psychometric and Ecometric Properties of Neighborhood Scales in Developing Countries: Saúde em Beagá Study, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, 2008–2009

Assessing the Psychometric and Ecometric Properties of Neighborhood Scales in Developing Countries: Saúde em Beagá Study, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, 2008–2009

Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status in Relation to Preterm Birth in a U.S. Cohort of Black Women

Should Race Be Used as a Variable in Research on Preterm Birth?

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