Neighborhood phylodiversity affects plant performance

Castillo, Juan Pablo; Verdú, Miguel; Valiente‐Banuet, Alfonso

doi:10.1890/10-0720.1

Cited by 70 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Collectively, both the model and the empirical observations suggest that interactions between distantly related species are more likely to be enhancing than depressing. Overdispersion in plant-plant facilitation studies is believed to be the result of evolutionarily conserved regeneration niches, so that closely related species have larger niche overlap and therefore are more likely to compete for resources (Castillo, Verdú, & Valiente-Banuet, 2010;Valiente-Banuet & Verdú, 2007). In this case, and contrary to our results in Figure 2, interactions between closely related species would be depressing more often than neutral or enhancing.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Patterns In Canopy-recruit Interactionscontrasting

confidence: 94%

Stochastic and deterministic effects on interactions between canopy and recruiting species in forest communities

et al. 2018

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Interactions between established (canopy) and recruiting individuals (recruits) are pervasive in plant communities. Studies on recruitment in forests have mainly focused on negative density‐dependent conspecific interactions, while the outcomes of heterospecific canopy–recruit interactions have received much less attention and are generally assumed to be driven by stochastic processes. Herein, we explore the relative influence of stochastic (abundance) and deterministic (species identity and phylogenetic distance) effects on the frequency of canopy–recruit interactions and characterize the interactions in terms of their spatial consistency and effect on recruitment (depressing, neutral or enhancing). In 12 plots (50 × 50 m) of mixed pine–oak forests in southern Spain, we identified all saplings recruiting beneath 56 shrub and tree species, and in open areas not covered by woody plants. We used generalized linear mixed models to investigate the influence of stochastic and deterministic processes on the frequency of canopy–recruit interactions, on their spatial consistency and their effects on recruitment, and applied neutral null models to evaluate the spatial consistency in the occurrence of interactions across plots. Deterministic and stochastic interactions were equally common, emphasizing the prevalence of non‐neutral effects. Among the realized interactions, 36.8% enhanced recruitment, 49.05% were neutral, and 14.1% depressed recruitment. Many potential interactions (42.08%) were not observed in any study sites, presumably due to the scarcity of the interacting species. Moreover, the probability that two species formed a canopy–recruit interaction, the frequency of their interaction and the probability that the interaction had an enhancing effect on recruitment, all increased with the phylogenetic distance between the interacting species. However, the prevalence of these effects depended on the recruitment environment (heterospecific, conspecific or open). Recruitment‐enhancing interactions between heterospecifics were more consistently realized in different sites than neutral or depressing interactions. The establishment of canopy–recruit interactions (which species recruits beneath which others, and how often) is not simply determined by stochastic events. Indeed, due to their prevalence, we argue that deterministic canopy–recruit interactions are important drivers of plant community dynamics. A http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2435.13140/suppinfo is available for this article.

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Section: Phylogenetic Patterns In Canopy-recruit Interactionscontrasting

confidence: 94%

Stochastic and deterministic effects on interactions between canopy and recruiting species in forest communities

et al. 2018

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“…It should be noted that self-facilitation (i.e. seedlings recruiting under conspecific adults) seldom occurs in this type of ecosystems and therefore facilitation cannot be confounded with limited seed dispersal (Castillo, Verdu´& Valiente-Banuet 2010). Directed dispersal of fleshy-fruited species by animals towards nurses can also be confounded with facilitation (Pausas et al 2006) but this is not the case in our study communities where facilitation occurs in both fleshy and non-fleshy fruited species.…”

Section: S T U D Y S I T E S a N D S A M P L I N G P R O C E D U R E Smentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Higher soil fertility beneath nurse canopies was of secondary importance. We also have experimental evidence of the temporal change from facilitation, mediated by distantly related nurses, to competition, mediated by closely related species (Castillo, Verdu´& Valiente-Banuet 2010).…”

Section: S T U D Y S I T E S a N D S A M P L I N G P R O C E D U R E Smentioning

confidence: 92%

The phylogenetic structure of plant facilitation networks changes with competition

2010

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Summary1. Ecological communities are assembled as complex networks of both positive (i.e. facilitation) and negative (i.e. competition) interactions. In networks established among plant species, many facilitative interactions occurring between a benefactor -a nurse -and a beneficiary -a facilitated seedling -turn into competition over time as the facilitated seedling grows and outcompetes the nurse. The facilitative associations that disappear over time are mainly restricted to closely related taxa, because close relatives tend to share niche requirements and compete more strongly for the same resources. In consequence, the phylogenetic structure of a network might change as positive associations become negative. 2. This study is aimed to characterize how the overall (i.e. nestedness and connectance) and the phylogenetic structure of facilitation networks in semi-arid communities change when facilitation turns into competition and some of the early species associations established by facilitation disappear. 3. We show that the initial facilitation networks retain the overall, but not the phylogenetic, structure. Phylogenetic analyses show that as seedlings, facilitated species tend to associate with the same subset of nurses while, on the contrary, nurses are indifferent to the identity of their facilitated seedlings. But when competition becomes important, closely related nurse species appear associated with only a subset of facilitated species in the community. 4. Synthesis. Temporal rearrangements in the phylogenetic structure of the facilitation networks provide evidence that plant-plant species interactions lead to highly species-specific networks in which the phylogenetic history has a pervasive influence not only on recruitment but also on adult community composition. The use of phylogenetic methods combined with complex network approaches opens the possibility to understand the complexity of ecological interactions occurring in nature as for example those occurring when biological invasions take place or those producing coextinction cascades following species removal from ecosystems.

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“…Rather, they detect only the present-day phenotype (Paine et al, 2012). When ecologists observe phylogenetic community structure, they learn that something is going on, but it is rarely clear what that thing is (Castillo, Verdú, & Valiente-Banuet, 2010).…”

Section: Addre Ss Ing Challeng E S Throug H S Hared E Volutionary Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards the general mechanistic prediction of community dynamics

2018

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“What controls the distribution and abundance of organisms”? This question, at the heart of the dynamics of ecological communities, would have been familiar to the earliest ecologists. Having lain effectively abandoned for many years, community dynamics today is a vibrant research topic of great conceptual interest with practical import for conservation, ecological management, ecosystem services and the responses of ecological communities to climate change. We describe how modern coexistence theory can be used to predict community dynamics through the use of demography. We explore the challenges that limit the deployment of this demographic framework, and the tools from phylogenetic and functional ecology that have been used to surmount them. Finding existing tools not altogether sufficient, we propose the use of “hard” functional traits and physiological tolerances of environmental conditions and low resource availability to extend the demographic framework so that the dynamics of a broader range of ecological communities can be accurately predicted. We illustrate these new approaches with two case studies. Given the urgent need to accurately forecast the dynamics of ecological communities, we hope that many ecologists will adopt these tools. A http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2435.13096/suppinfo is available for this article.

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Neighborhood phylodiversity affects plant performance

Cited by 70 publications

References 38 publications

Stochastic and deterministic effects on interactions between canopy and recruiting species in forest communities

Stochastic and deterministic effects on interactions between canopy and recruiting species in forest communities

The phylogenetic structure of plant facilitation networks changes with competition

Towards the general mechanistic prediction of community dynamics

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