In this paper, we consider a beyond-5G scenario, where two types of users, denoted as scheduled and uncoordinated nodes, coexist on the same set of radio resources for sending data to a base station. Scheduled nodes rely solely on a centralized scheduler within the base station for the assignment of resources, while uncoordinated nodes use an unslotted Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) protocol for channel access. We propose and evaluate through simulations: (a) a novel centralized resource scheduling algorithm, called Neighbors-Aware Proportional Fair (N-PF) and (b) a novel packet length adaptation algorithm, called Channel-Aware (CA) Packet Length Adaptation algorithm for the scheduled nodes. The N-PF algorithm considers the uplink channel state conditions and the number of uncoordinated nodes neighboring each scheduled node in the aggregate scheduling metric, in order to maximize packet transmission success probability. The CA algorithm provides an additional degree of freedom for improving the performance, thanks to the fact that scheduled nodes with lower number of hidden terminals, i.e., having higher packet capture probability, are assigned longer packet transmission opportunities. We consider two benchmark schemes: Proportional Fair (PF) algorithm, as a resource scheduling algorithm, and a discrete uniform distribution (DUD) scheme for packet lengths distribution. Simulation results show that the proposed schemes can result in significant gain in terms of network goodput, without compromising fairness, with respect to two benchmark solutions taken from the literature.Keywords: Proportional Fair, Neighbors-Aware, Scheduling, Unslotted CSMA, Packet delivery rate, Fairness, Packet length adaptation
BackgroundIn future wireless systems, such as 5G and beyond, the current dominating human-centric communication systems will be complemented by a tremendous increase in the number of smart devices, i.e., things, equipped with radio devices, possibly sensors, and uniquely addressable [1]. This will result in explosion of wireless traffic volume [2] and consequently exponential growth in demand of radio spectrum. However, the radio spectrum resource will remain limited, and thus, efficient radio resource utilization techniques, such as advanced medium access control (MAC) schemes, will be of paramount importance.*Correspondence: charlesjumaa.katila@unibo.it Electrical, Electronics and Information Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy Based on the above motivation, we envision a novel scenario, where some users (hereafter denoted as scheduled nodes), synchronized and coordinated by a base station (BS), coexist on the same set of radio resources with some other users (hereafter denoted as uncoordinated nodes), asynchronous with the BS and among them. As shown in Fig. 1, scheduled nodes could be user equipment (i.e., cellular users), while uncoordinated nodes could be things of the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm, i.e., cars, machines, buildings [3].In wireless networks, MAC prot...